XII.
1762-1763.
[Proposal
that
Emin
should
enter
Russian
service
-
Firm
in
his
desire
to
help
his
own
country
-
Keith
procures
letter
to
Heraclius
from
Vorontsov
-
Over
the
snow
to
Moscow
-
to
Astrakhan
-
Death
of
Peter
III.
Kizlar
-
Armenian
and
Tartar
entry
excites
suspicion
of
Russian
general
-
Objects
to
passport
-
Emin
returns
to
Astrakhan
-
Rentil,
a
Swede
-
Moscow
again
-
Government
there
for
coronation
of
Catherine
-
An
unknown
friend
-
Interview
with
Vorontsov
and
Galitsin
-Consideration
of
Peter
the
Great
for
Armenians
-
Promised
passport
-
Pleurisy
again
-
Offered
command
of
Armenians
Refuses
-
Penniless
again
-
Lord
Buckinghams
nerves
-
Mr.
Boads
help
"Damn
all
great
men!"
-
Kindness
of
Englishmen
unwillingly
contrasted
with
behaviour
of
Armenians
"A
soldier
must
speak
the
truth!"]
After
the
death
of
the
empress
and
king
Tahmuras,
Peter
II.
succeeded
to
the
throne.
His
Excellency
Mr.
Keith,
Dr.
Mounsey,
and
Dr.
Dumaresque,
proposed
to
Emin
to
enter
into
the
Russian
service,
since
the
new
emperor
was
very
fond
of
soldiers,
and
it
would
be
of
consequence
to
him;
but
Emin
would,
on
no
consideration,
consent
to
become
a
turncoat,
still
continuing
firm
in
his
resolution
to
proceed
for
Georgia
and
Armenia.
His
Excellency
approved
his
sentiment,
and
procured
a
pass
for
him,
with
a
letter
of
strong
recommendation
from
the
chancellor
count
Worronzoff,
his
friend,
to
prince
Heraclius,
written
in
Russian,
and
translated
by
Dumaresque
into
English.
The
purport
of
it
was
as
follows:
"To
Prince
Heraclius.
Sir,
The
bearer
of
this
letter,
Joseph
Emin,
an
Armenian
Christian,
native
of
the
city
of
Hamadan,
in
the
kingdom
of
Persia,
educated
in
England,
and
brought
up
in
the
art
of
war,
made
some
campaigns
in
Germany,
where
his
conduct
merited
him
the
notice
and
friendship
of
that
renowned
nation;
and
there,
hearing
your
name
extolled
as
one
of
the
greatest
captains
and
officers
in
your
situation,
inclined
him
to
come
and
enter
himself
into
your
service.
His
noble
friends
in
London,
and
our
Imperial
envoy
prince
Gallitzin
thought
proper
to
favour
him
with
letters,
recommending
him
strongly
to
our
notice
and
protection.
When
he
came
hither
with
those
credentials,
we
judged
it
best
to
present
him
to
your
late
father
king
Tahmuras,
who,
seeing
his
conduct,
took
great
notice
of
him,
and
promised
to
take
him
to
Georgia
before
his
death.
Almost
in
his
last
will,
he
told
him
to
go
to
you
without
fail
or
delay.
To
this
he
readily
consented.
In
case
you
should
not
be
pleased
with
him,
or
disagree
with
him,
it
is
our
pleasure
that
you
let
him
return
back
to
us
in
a
most
satisfactory
manner,
since
he
may
be
employed
by
us
with
great
pleasure,
in
our
august
Imperial
service:
his
character
and
good
conduct
being
better
known
to
us.
Given
under
my
hand,
count
Worronzoff,
high
chancellor
of
the
empire
of
Russia,
"
&c.
&c.
With
this
letter
and
passport,
Emin
set
out
in
the
middle
of
March,
in
a
sledge,
over
the
snow
to
Moscow,
and
went
thence
to
Astrakhan,
where,
hearing
that
the
snow
of
the
Caucasian
mountains
had
stopped
the
passage,
which
is
commonly
every
year
choked
up
from
the
mouth
of
January
till
the
month
of
May
or
June,
he
thought
it
necessary
to
send
a
padamar
with
letters
to
prince
Heraclius,
and
to
the
Armenians
in
the
mountains
of
Karabagh
(or
the
Black
Garden).
It
took
exactly
five
months
before
he
received
answers.
The
prince
saying
nothing
worthy
of
insertion,
that
the
Armenians
would
serve
and
die
under
his
horses
hoofs.
He
stayed
about
nine
months
at
Astrakhan,
where,
after
travelling
from
place
to
place,
and
spending
half
of
his
capital,
130
l.,
he
heard
that
Peter
the
Second
was
no
more.
He
had
reigned
exactly
one
year,
from
the
first
of
January
1761,
to
the
first
of
the
same
month
1762,
leaving
the
empire
to
his
wife,
the
great
Catherina.
At
last,
thirty
Armenian
lads,
with
their
arms
and
horses,
joined
Emin;
and,
in
the
month
of
May,
he
set
out
from
Astrakhan
to
Kizlar,
the
frontier
town
of
Russia,
chiefly
inhabited
by
Armenians
and
Georgians.
About
five
hundred
yards
to
the
east
of
it
is
a
small
fortification,
built
with
mud
only,
and
with
four
bastions
to
it,
big
enough
to
hold
a
battalion,
and
the
general
with
his
family;
and
besides,
a
large
room
for
about
thirty
or
forty
sons
of
Lazgey
mountaineer
chiefs,
as
hostages
for
their
fathers
good
behaviour,
to
keep
them
quiet
from
revolt
or
inroading:
these,
like
a
sort
of
prisoners,
are
paid
by
the
government,
and
relieved
every
three
or
six
months
by
their
brothers,
or
near
relations,
in
turn.
As
horses
are
very
cheap
in
those
parts,
the
Armenians
hearing
of
Emins
arrival,
about
three
hundred
of
them,
two
miles
from
that
place,
not
considering
the
bad
consequence
of
that
imprudent
measure,
made
a
grand
entry
with
him,
together
with
five
or
six
hundred
Tartars
on
horseback;
men
who
live
under
tents
thereabouts,
on
the
banks
of
the
river
Tuvky,
and
who
joined
the
party
out
of
curiosity
as
mere
spectators.
This
terrified
the
pusillanimous
general
Stupition
so
much,
that
he
drew
up
the
bridge
and
crept
into
the
fort,
the
rest
of
the
Armenians
and
Tartars,
with
their
families,
coming
out
of
their
houses,
with
a
joyful
clamour,
saying,
"Here
comes
the
prince
of
Armenia!"
so
that
any
person
in
Stupitions
stead
would
then
have
been
frightened.
Emin
acted
very
cautiously,
and
would
not
take
a
quarter
without
the
generals
order;
he
therefore
sent
a
messenger
to
know
his
pleasure.
In
the
meanwhile
he
pitched
tents
in
an
open
place
between
the
fort
and
the
town;
but
had
much
ado
to
persuade
the
mob
to
go
away
from
him.
The
general
sent
word,
with
compliments,
that
he
had
instructed
Galust,
the
chief
of
the
Armenians,
to
accommodate
him
in
his
house
where
he
alighted,
and
took
quarter.
The
next
morning
the
general
came
to
visit
Emin,
who
returned
the
compliment
in
the
evening,
and
showed
the
passport;
which
Stupition,
on
seeing
the
name
of
Peter
the
Second
to
it,
did
not
at
all
approve,
but
took
it
from
him
and
kept
it,
telling
him
he
would
consider
it.
Emin
dined
with
him
that
day
and
the
next;
and
on
the
fourth
day
after
his
arrival,
the
general,
with
a
company
of
grenadiers
and
six
hundred
Circassians
and
Tartars,
came
to
him;
and
after
some
cringing
whining
ceremony
told
him,
that
the
pass
was
not
clear,
being
made
in
Little
Petruss
time;
adding
many
abusive
expressions
concerning
the
deceased.
He
astonished
Emin
with
this
unpolished
barbarity;
and
added,
that
Petrus
was
not
worthy
to
reign,
nor
had
sense
enough
to
know
the
laws
of
the
Russians,
which
strictly
forbad
suffering
a
military
man
to
pass
the
frontiers
of
the
empire.
Emin
made
no
objection,
but
told
the
stupid
general,
that
he
was
very
sorry
to
find
a
man
of
his
rank
possessed
of
so
foul
a
mouth,
and
spitting
out
such
poisonous
unbecoming
words
upon
the
character
of
an
unfortunate
prince,
who
was
the
grandson
of
Peter
the
Great
of
glorious
memory,
that
enlightener
of
the
Russias,
and
lawful
husband
to
the
famous
empress
Catherina.
He
added,
"What
is
the
reason
you
brought
so
many
fighting
men?
and
on
the
day
of
my
coming
hither,
you
run,
like
a
lusty
fellow,
into
the
fort?
It
seems
you
are
afraid
of
a
single
Armenian,
who
is
ashamed
to
see
a
Russian
general
like
you
frightened
at
the
sight
of
a
mob,
who
were
all
the
time
your
own
subjects.
Such
a
general
as
you,
is
more
fit
to
graze
cattle
than
to
command
a
fort
on
the
confines
of
an
empire.
"
The
man
looked
as
pale
as
death,
and
uttered
hardly
a
word
for
five
minutes,
the
accompanying
Circassian
and
Tartarian
officers,
with
the
rest
of
the
troops
on
horseback
and
the
grenadiers
in
a
circle,
seeing
this
behaviour
of
Emin,
which
may
appear
rash
to
the
reader,
it
gave
those
barbarous
wild
mountaineers
a
very
great
opinion
of
his
undaunted
resolution;
and
they
took
care
ever
after
to
report
it
among
the
Lazguis,
from
whom
it
spread
all
over
Georgia,
Turkey,
Armenia,
and
even
to
Persia.
In
that
critical
juncture,
they
began
to
mutter
to
one
another
in
the
Tartarian
language,
saying
"This
man,
while
he
is
alone,
has
so
great
a
liver,
(the
Asiatics
commonly
call
a
man
of
courage
a
man
of
liver),
how
much
greater
will
he
have
if
he
command
a
thousand
of
us?"
Stupition
began
to
hang
his
head,
and
said,
"Sir,
I
am
afraid
for
your
person,
if
you
lie
in
this
house
without
a
proper
guard.
I
have
authentic
intelligence
of
five
hundred
men,
about
two
days
journey
from
this
place,
waiting
to
lay
hold
of
you.
"
Emin
said,
"No,
Sir,
they
wait
to
join
me,
an
Armenian
Christian,
whose
principles
are
well
known
all
over
Europe,
and
in
England
in
particular,
where
I
was
esteemed
worthy
of
being
recommended
to
the
court
of
Russia:
but
I
understand
your
meaning;
that
I
am
your
prisoner;
do
your
duty,
post
the
guards
properly,
lest
you
should
run
away,
as
you
did
some
days
ago.
"
The
intention
of
general
Stupition
in
making
this
difficulty,
was
grounded
to
extort
a
sum
of
money,
since
it
was
hinted
to
Emin,
through
an
Armenian,
that
if
he
would
fee
the
party
handsomely,
he
might
go
with
safety
by
the
generals
free
permission
uninterrupted.
He
thought
Emin
was
worth
a
great
many
thousand
English
guineas;
since
a
ridiculous
report
went
about
then,
and
remains
to
this
day
all
over
Persia,
that
he
was
favoured
by
the
son
of
the
king
of
England
with
a
million
sterling,
and
had
such
certificates
or
Bank
notes,
that
in
any
part
of
the
world,
the
merchants
who
should
see
them,
would
immediately
pay
any
sum
of
money
he
pleased:
but
they
little
imagined
that
his
finances,
at
that
very
time,
were
reduced
to
three
hundred
Russian
dollars;
and
the
million
was
three
hundred
pounds
allowed
him
by
the
earl
of
Northumberland.
The
late
king
George
of
England
had
presented
him
before,
by
the
late
lady
Yarmouth,
with
251.
in
Bank
notes;
and
after
waiting
at
the
late
duke
of
Cumberlands
levee
door
without
daring
to
enter,
when
he
did
enter
with
the
late
lord
Ancram,
who
thought
even
that
was
too
much,
he
had
the
singular
honour
to
kiss
his
Royal
Highnesss
hand,
by
virtue
of
which
Emin
maintained
the
character
of
the
richest
man
in
the
world.
It
is
ten
to
one
but
the
Russian
Stupition
might
have
heard
of
this
mighty
sum,
and
believe
it
to
be
fact;
but
the
poor
man
was
deprived
of
tasting
any
of
its
sweetness,
which
Emin
was
most
spitefully
unwilling
to
let
him
have.
The
argument
ended,
and
sixty
men
with
some
grenadiers
were
posted
round
the
house
to
guard
Emin,
who
gave
his
thirty
Armenian
troopers
leave
to
proceed
on
their
journey
to
Teffliz,
ordering
them
to
wait
for
him
till
the
next
year.
The
poor
fellows
went
away
almost
broken-hearted;
and
the
sight
of
their
distress
would
sensibly
have
affected
any
one
of
the
least
humanity.
The
Tartars,
joined
to
the
Armenians,
made
a
loud
lamentation,
cursing
the
general
most
heartily.
For
all
the
strictness
of
the
charge,
and
the
strength
of
the
guard,
could
not
keep
the
Tartars,
Circassians,
and
Armenians,
from
the
house
where
Emin
was
a
sort
of
a
prisoner.
This
caused
great
apprehension
in
the
generals
mind,
and
saved
Emin
from
remaining
there
a
long
time,
in
a
state
highly
disagreeable
to
a
man
of
spirit.
He
remembered
that
when
he
was
at
Astrakhan,
two
gentlemen,
Asbeg
Tartars,
came
from
Bokhor
in
their
way
to
Petersburgh
upon
some
negociation,
and
were
detained
by
the
governor,
flayed
to
the
very
skin,
and
kept
there
nine
months;
and,
when
he
was
coming
away,
they
were
not
permitted
to
proceed
further.
The
same
might
have
been
his
lot,
if
those
wild
Tartars
had
not
frightened
Stupition,
who
was
glad
to
consent
to
Emins
return
back
to
the
capital.
The
general,
who
wanted
activity
with
diligence,
(qualities
common
to
fearful
people,
)
drew
a
formal
protest,
and
made
about
four
hundred
principal
Armenians,
Georgians,
Tartars,
and
Indians,
sign
their
names
to
it;
setting
forth,
That
in
case
the
Armenian
Emin,
who
came
thither
with
a
wrong
passport,
were
suffered
either
to
stay
in
the
town
of
Kizlar,
or
to
pass
the
frontiers,
the
whole
mountainous
country
of
Lazguis,
and
the
inhabitants
of
the
woody
plains
of
Chacham
and
Muchkez,
would
flock
to
him;
the
consequence
of
which
might
end
in
dangerous
troubles,
and
prove
injurious
to
Kizlar.
Having
delivered
this
paper
to
a
Russian
serjeant,
he
ordered
a
squadron
of
twenty
Cossack
horses,
with
a
Circassian
centurion,
to
conduct
Emin
from
stage
to
stage,
relieving
the
guard
with
fresh
troopers,
to
Astrakhan,
to
acquaint
the
governor
with
the
business,
and
thence
to
set
out
with
the
serjeant
alone
and
his
two
servants
to
St.
Petersburgh.
As
the
suspected
track
of
land
was
between,
and
as
the
governor,
to
whom
he
had
a
letter
of
recommendation
before
from
Count
Worronzoff,
was
very
firm,
and
wrote
a
letter
to
the
general,
and
gave
Emin
a
passport,
persuading
him
to
return
again
to
Kizlar;
he
consented,
and
was
preparing
himself
to
proceed
the
next
day:
but
in
the
morning,
behold,
there
came
a
courier
from
Stupition,
with
a
letter
to
the
governor,
urging
him
strongly
not
to
let
him
remain
a
day
longer,
nor
permit
him
to
return
to
Kizlar,
since
he,
having
the
command
of
the
frontiers,
would
not
be
the
cause
of
letting
him
pass;
and
adding,
"he
is
a
dangerous
Armenian,
brought
up
in
the
military
profession
among
the
English;
his
presence
will
bring
on
a
rebellion
of
the
Lazguis
mountaineers
on
our
side,
which
the
Georgian
side
of
course
will
join;
you
are
sitting
at
Astrakhan
in
peace
and
quiet,
not
considering
the
difficulty
and
the
danger
of
this
command
in
the
middle
of
so
many
wild
barbarians;
therefore
I
desire
you
will
let
the
man
return
from
whence
he
came,
but
will
order
the
serjeant
to
guard
him
to
his
excellency
the
great
chancellor.
"
The
governor
told
all
this
to
Emin,
through
Mr.
Rentit,
a
Swedish
merchant
at
that
place,
at
whose
house
he
had
before
stayed
nine
months,
who
being
brought
up
in
London,
understood
English
perfectly
well,
and
by
whom
Emin
was
treated
with
great
politeness
and
hospitality.
He
was
in
great
concern,
expressing
himself
with
extreme
sorrow.
When
parting,
Emin
comforted
him,
saying,
"My
good
friend,
I
am
very
glad
for
what
has
happened:
-
in
the
first
place,
my
little
money
is
almost
gone;
I
am
sure
of
being
supplied
a-fresh
by
my
English
friends
in
Moscow
and
Petersburgh.
Stupitions
ill-natured
behaviour,
with
an
intention
to
hurt
me,
has
made
me
more
considerable
in
the
opinion
of
that
brave
wild
people,
who
if
I
had
been
allowed
to
pass,
would
have
looked
upon
me
as
one
of
the
common
Armenians;
but
this
affair
has
gained
me
great
reputation;
for
they
will
not
rest
idle
to
propagate
among
themselves
an
opinion,
that
I
must
be
a
very
able
man,
of
whom
the
general
was
afraid,
and
prevented
me
from
going
on.
In
time,
it
will
be
of
infinite
service
to
me,
when
once
I
shall
be
in
Georgia
and
Armenia,
the
poor
ignorant
men
not
knowing
that
I
am
but
a
school-boy
in
the
art
of
war,
for
the
Orientals
are
chiefly
overcome
by
the
sound
of
a
great
man,
without
which,
let
a
person
be
ever
so
brave
or
rich,
they
care
but
very
little
for
him.
A
man
must
spend
vast
sums
of
money,
go
through
great
difficulties,
and
run
into
many
dangers
in
hazardous
battles,
before
he
can
be
able
to
establish
a
name,
and
induce
the
minds
of
fighting
men
to
follow
him,
especially
when,
by
Gods
assistance,
I
shall
come
off
with
honour,
to
the
joy
of
my
countrymen
in
Kizlar,
and
to
the
mortification
of
my
enemies.
As
for
the
fearful
Armenian
merchants
at
Astrakhan,
who
are
prophesying
that
it
will
cost
me
20,
000
l.
to
clear
me
out
of
the
scrape,
or
that
I
shall
be
an
exile
to
Siberia,
I
snap
my
fingers
at
them.
"
Emins
good
friend
Rentil
was
made
easy
by
this.
He
therefore
took
leave
and
set
out,
travelling
back
the
same
1,
500
miles,
over
the
best
part
of
the
kingdom.
It
was
in
the
month
of
August,
neither
hot
nor
cold,
but
pleasant
enough,
with
plenty
of
victuals,
and
very
cheap,
since
the
governor
had
charged
the
orderly
serjeant
that
he
should
be
treated
respectfully
at
every
stage;
and
he
had
a
waggon
full
of
water-melons
as
presents.
He
did
not
go
so
expeditiously
as
before.
In
about
thirty-five
days
he
reached
the
city
of
Moscow,
and
saved
twelve
days
journey
to
Petersburgh,
by
the
empress
Catherinas
coming
thither
to
be
anointed;
and
all
the
English
gentlemen
came
a
fortnight
after
to
see
the
grand
ceremony.
Emin,
with
a
rich
Armenian,
named
Ivan
Lavarwitz,
the
empresss
head
jeweller,
and
the
serjeant,
went
on
Monday
morning,
and
waited
upon
the
count
Worronzoff.
The
sergeant
delivered
the
packet.
His
excellency,
when
he
broke
it
open,
asked
him
the
reason
of
his
coming
from
Kizlar?
He
answered,
"I
came
by
the
order
of
Stupition,
and
with
a
serjeant
also
to
guard
me
all
the
way.
"
The
count
was
very
angry,
and
immediately
ordered
the
man
to
go
out
of
the
house.
He
then
began
to
read
the
report,
shook
his
head,
and
asked
Emin,
smiling,
the
reason
of
his
being
sent
back
so
many
hundred
miles?
He
said
he
could
not
tell;
but
as
far
as
he
could
understand,
Stupition
thought
himself
more
wise
in
observing
men
than
his
superiors:
and
this
prevented
him
from
going
about
his
business;
ruined
him
by
the
expences
of
travelling
backwards
and
forwards;
and
moreover
caused
an
unnecessary
trouble
to
his
excellency.
He
ordered
the
Armenian
Ivan
Lazarwitz
to
tell
Emin,
that
this
very
morning,
before
Stupitions
report
came,
he
had
received
a
letter
from
a
particular
friend
of
his
in
England,
in
Emins
favour,
giving
an
account
of
his
honest
principles;
"and,
"
added
he,
"in
my
opinion,
your
character
is
superior
to
the
treacherous
letter
of
Stupition,
and
his
report,
which
when
one
casts
an
eye
upon,
one
forgets
the
contents
of
the
letter
from
England;
but
when
I
look
over
the
letter
again,
it
has
the
same
effect,
and
I
shall
prefer
it
to
the
report.
Go
home,
and
rest
satisfied:
we
will
take
care
of
you
for
your
own
sake,
and
that
of
our
good
friends
in
England.
"
Emin
made
his
bow,
and
went
away
with
triumph;
but
did
not
dare
to
ask
who
was
that
good
angel
of
a
friend
who
saved
him
from
the
destructive
fury
of
Stupition,
who
thought
him
but
a
sheep;
but
never
had
imagined
that
Gods
hand
was
upon
his
head
wherever
he
went.
After
a
few
days
refreshment,
he
was
summoned
to
attend
the
secret
college
of
foreign
affairs,
or
secretarys
office
as
it
is
called
by
the
English;
and
when
he
entered
the
awful
chamber,
found
there
the
count
Worronzoff,
prince
Gallitzin,
the
envoy
his
old
friend,
and
a
very
good-natured
well
looking
man
an
interpreter,
standing
by
the
side
of
the
table.
Emin
did
not
miss
the
happy
opportunity
to
express
joy
in
his
countenance
on
seeing
the
prince,
and
made
dumb
compliment
with
a
low
bow.
He
had
arrived
but
a
few
days,
and
was
created
a
second
chancellor
immediately.
He
smiled
on
Emin
with
good-nature
in
his
looks.
Worronzoff
asked
the
prince
if
he
knew
him?
He
said,
"Yes;
and
a
very
honest
Armenian
he
is.
"
They
then
ordered
the
interpreter
to
inquire
of
Emin
from
the
first
to
the
last
of
his
coining
to
that
place.
He
said,
he
would
answer
every
question
they
asked
him
with
infinite
pleasure.
Then
the
examination
began
in
form,
and
took
up
almost
three
hours.
Emin
did
not
conceal
the
smallest
article,
sticking
close
to
the
truth,
and
laid
before
them
his
whole
mind.
They
said,
"By
your
conversation,
we
are
apt
to
think
that
you
are
descended
from
some
ancient
princely
family
of
Armenia.
"
He
said
"I
humbly
beg
your
Excellencies
pardon,
if
I
do
not
deny
it:
but
prince
is
he
that
acts
like
a
prince.
I
am
the
son
of
an
Armenian.
There
are
many
born
handsome;
but
they
are
not
like
that
man
who
acts
handsomely,
which
is
an
English
phrase.
And
how
is
it
possible
to
find
a
prince
in
a
nation
who
have
been
made
subjects
to
Mahometans
above
600
years?
They
said,
"What
do
you
hope
should
be
done
for
you?
-
If
you
stay
here
in
our
service,
we
shall
favour
you
with
our
friendship
to
your
satisfaction.
"
He
said,
he
had
not
left
his
friends
in
India,
to
come
to
Europe
for
a
livelihood,
but
for
knowledge,
to
be
of
some
use
to
his
poor
countrymen,
who
are
an
industrious,
brave,
honest
people,
and
will
soon
become
formidable,
provided
they
can
receive
the
light
of
understanding,
to
acknowledge,
by
real
services,
the
goodness
of
Peter
the
Great
of
glorious
memory,
who
took
the
greatest
pains
for
them,
and
indulged
them
more
than
his
own
subjects.
"How
came
you
to
know
him
so
well?"
said
they.
"By
hearing
of
him
from
my
father,
"
answered
he,
"more
than
a
hundred
times,
and
by
reading
of
his
fame
in
England.
"In
the
year
1727,
his
Imperial
majesty
endeavoured
to
fix
upon
some
Armenian
to
be
their
leader;
but,
to
my
great
sorrow,
he
could
not
find
a
person
resolute
enough
to
concur
with
his
godlike
magnanimous
mind,
and
head
that
people.
Mr.
Hanway,
in
his
History
of
Persia,
says,
That
Peter
the
Great
sent
Israel
the
Armenian
upon
an
embassy
to
Shah
Sultan
Husin,
in
Ispahan,
who
loaded
him
with
riches
enough
to
raise
an
army.
When
he
came
back,
Peter
asked
his
own
people
how
the
ambassador
(unworthy
of
the
title)
was
received?
They
said,
with
great
respect.
But
he
changed
the
route
of
Peter,
and
passed
through
Shamakhy
and
Sherwan
where
18,
000
armed
Armenians
in
a
few
days
gathered
about
him,
in
hopes
that
his
glorious
Imperial
majesty
had
commanded
the
Armenian
ambassador
to
head
them.
This
good
news
to
a
great
and
good
mind
must
have
afforded
extreme
satisfaction.
All
the
valuable
presents
that
were
sent
by
the
Shah,
the
generous
emperor
gave
to
Israel,
not
taking
to
himself
the
smallest
part
of
them;
and
with
undaunted
resolution
was
going
to
confer
on
him
the
honour
of
a
general,
and
the
title
of
chief
of
the
Armenians,
when
he,
like
a
low
despicable
Jew,
made
an
excuse,
saying,
that
he
was
a
merchant,
and
could
not
on
that
head
obey
his
commands.
Peters
great
soul
even
tried
and
expostulated,
but
it
was
to
no
purpose;
he
could
be
made
nothing
higher
than
a
Banian.
"A
second
instance
of
the
same
kind
happened:
-
My
father
Hovsep
having
told
me,
that
when
Ispahan
was
taken
by
the
Akhvans,
a
party
of
horse
was
ordered
by
Mahmud
Shah
to
march
up
to
Gilan,
and
drive
out
the
Russians,
who
had
it
then
in
their
possession.
There
was
a
Julpha
Armenian,
named
Lazar,
at
the
head
of
an
hundred
Armenian
or
Georgian
dragoons,
who
behaving
as
well
as
they
could,
put
the
Akhvans
army
into
disorder,
and
coming
up
with
the
colonel
of
the
regiment,
defeated
the
enemy,
and
obtained
a
complete
victory
over
them.
The
news
being
sent
to
Peter,
and
an
account,
given
of
the
conduct
of
these
brave
Armenians,
his
majesty
sent
for
Lazar.
On
his
arrival,
he
honoured
him
with
the
order
of
the
garter,
and
the
commission
of
a
general,
with
the
command
of
12,
000
men,
to
march
and
join
the
grand
army
against
the
Osmanlus,
or
Turks:
yet
this
man,
with
the
same
mean
excuse,
shrugging
up
his
shoulders,
and
scratching
his
ears
like
a
brute
animal,
said,
that
he
could
not
hold
so
great
a
command;
which
was
again
no
small
vexation
to
Peter.
His
extreme
patience
overcoming
his
anger,
instead
of
degrading,
he
only
pitied
the
Armenians,
among
whom
could
not
be
found
a
single
person,
at
that
favourable
time,
to
head
them.
There
was
wanting
your
humble
servant
Emin
to
satisfy
his
majesty
in
his
wars:
but
now
you
are
at
peace
with
the
Turks:
and
as
to
my
accepting
your
kind
offer,
for
which
I
heartily
thank
your
greatness,
it
would
be
the
means
of
eating
the
bread
of
idleness,
and
buying
the
cruel
character
of
an
impostor;
when
the
world
will
say,
Emin
has
broken
his
word:
instead
of
going
to
Armenia,
he
made
a
pretence
by
the
failure
of
a
pass,
and
stayed
in
Russia,
to
live,
like,
the
rest
of
his
countrymen,
a
pensioner.
If
you
were
at
war,
I
should
by
all
means
prefer
entering
your
service
instead
of
going
to
prince
Heraclius,
who
is
as
poor
as
myself.
In
case
of
my
not
succeeding
with
that
prince,
I
will
do
my
utmost
to
return
to
Russia,
since
his
Excellency
has
already
graciously
favoured
me
with
a
letter
to
Heraclius,
ordering
me
to
be
sent
back
in
a
satisfactory
manner.
"
-
When
this
discourse
was
ended,
both
chancellors
wished
him
success,
telling
him
never
to
mind
returning
to
their
country
whenever
he
should
think
proper,
where
he
would
ever
be
received
with
great
pleasure.
They
promised
to
give
him
a
pass
when
he
was
ready
to
set
out.
Emin
made
another
short
speech,
with
prayers
for
the
success
and
prosperity
of
the
empire;
then
went
to
his
lodging.
He
had
hardly
been
at
Moscow
ten
days,
when
he
was
taken
ill
with
a
severe
fit
of
the
pleurisy,
the
same
disorder
he
was
attacked
with
in
Florence.
To
be
short,
he
recovered
in
seven
days,
with
great
pain
and
difficulty.
Prince
Gallitzin
then
sent
for
him
to
his
own
house,
and
said,
That
they
had
acquainted
her
Imperial
majesty
with
his
design;
that
she
was
extremely
pleased
with
the
spirit
of
it,
and
willing
to
forward
his
honest
pursuits;
but
that
he
must
wait
with
patience,
as
there
was
time
enough
for
him
to
attain
the
end
of
his
wishes.
This
singularly
gracious
message
of
invitation
was
received
three
different
times,
and
even
an
offer
made
to
give
him
the
command
of
the
Armenians
at
Astracan,
if
he
would
consent
to
kiss
her
hand,
and
enter
into
her
service;
but
he
could
not
be
persuaded
or
moved
from
his
former
resolution;
and
they
finding
him
obstinately
unchangeable,
were
pleased
at
last
to
grant
him
a
passport,
which
cost
him
but
a
single
ruble,
equal
to
four
shillings
of
English
money.
Not
having
left
a
single
penny
in
his
pocket,
he
was
now
as
distressed
as
ever,
but
did
not
in
the
least
repent
of
refusing
to
accept
the
2000
dollars
from
his
German
friend
Mr.
Miller
of
Riga.
He
borrowed
twelve
rubles
of
Sukiaz
Vardapit,
an
Armenian
monk,
and
desired
him
to
keep
it
a
great
secret
from
the
rest
of
the
Armenian
inhabitants
of
Moscow,
lest
they
should
grow
cool
from
the
warm
reception
of
him
in
their
houses;
as
he
has
on
several
occasions
remarked,
that
if
a
nation
be
once
subdued,
their
minds
of
course
will
be.
A
man
ever
so
enterprizing,
if
he
is
found
moneyless
or
poor,
is
despised
by
them,
loses
his
credit,
and
is
hardly
ever
taken
notice
of
after
a
calamity.
As
the
common
people
entertained
an
imposing
opinion,
entirely
of
their
own
composition,
that
the
king
of
England
had
made
him
a
present
of
a
million
pounds
sterling
such
ignorant
credulity
might
be
fit
for
an
impostor
like
Mahomet,
to
reform
them
which
way
he
pleased,
but
not
for
Emin,
who
in
gratitude
to
his
English
benefactors
and
friends,
and
in
respect
to
his
late
majesty,
did
not
contradict
this
fable
in
Russia,
but
told
them
the
truth
afterwards,
in
honour
to
his
principles.
His
friends
who
arrived
from
Petersburgh
were
very
anxious
to
know
what
was
become
of
Emin:
the
chaplain
of
the
ambassador,
lord
Buckingham,
who
had
been
there
before
they
came,
acquainted
them
with
all
his
transactions;
and
added,
that
his
lordship
was
frightened,
and
would
by
no
means
see
him,
but
said,
he
was
a
dangerous
mad-man.
When
he
was
so
distressed
for
want
of
his
lordships
interest
to
speak
a
good
word
for
him
to
the
ministers,
the
chaplain
(whose
name
is
forgotten)
did
all
he
could
to
introduce
him
to
his
lordship,
but
it
was
not
possible,
he
not
in
the
least
resembling
the
late
envoy
Mr.
Keith,
who
was
gone
to
England,
and
would
have
run
into
the
mouth
of
a
lion
for
him;
nor
were
his
two
great
friends
Dr.
Mounsey
and
Dr.
Dumaresque
present,
both
having
gone
away
with
Mr.
Keith
from
Petersburgh.
Though
lord
Buckingham
was
taken
more
notice
of
than
any
other
minister,
and
even
played
at
cards
with
the
empress,
which
might
have
given
him
courage,
yet
it
was
said
his
hands
shook,
and
he
could
never
utter
three
words
together
to
her,
but
was
all
the
time
as
timorous
as
if
he
had
been
sitting
in
company
with
a
dragon,
and
afraid
of
being
swallowed.
When
Emin
(by
Gods
help),
without
money,
or
a
single
interposer,
finished
his
business
alone,
he
was
not
insensible
of
that
angel
of
a
friend,
who
had
sent
the
letter
to
count
Worronzoff.
His
lordship,
hearing
of
all
these
proceedings,
told
his
chaplain,
Emins
good
friend,
that
the
Armenian
was
a
devil.
He
begged
the
messenger
of
this
speech
to
tell
the
mighty
lord,
that
he
was
neither
a
devil,
nor
a
child
fit
for
school,
but
a
man
who
knew
himself
to
be
a
mortal.
Mr.
Boad,
an
eminent
merchant,
Emins
great
friend,
hearing
all
this,
unexpectedly
came
to
his
quarters,
where,
through
distress,
his
heart
was
hanging
by
a
single
hair;
took
him
into
his
chariot
(which
had
cost
1000l.
),
and
carried
him
to
the
tavern,
where
his
lady
and
the
few
English
used
in
the
day-time
to
dine,
and
in
the
night
they
went
to
their
respective
quarters
to
sleep.
He
there
saw
Mrs.
Boad,
his
wife,
and
several
gentlemen;
she
desired
her
husband
to
take
Emin
to
his
lodging
to
drink
a
dish
of
coffee:
she
stayed
behind,
and
he
went
with
Mr.
Boad,
wondering
why
they
could
not
have
coffee
in
the
tavern.
When
they
came
to
the
house,
Mr.
Boad
said,
there
was
no
necessity
Emin
should
give
himself
trouble
in
relating
his
distresses;
he
knew
the
whole
of
his
manly
behaviour
and
he
had
no
time
to
spare.
He
then
said
in
a
friendly
manner,
"Pray,
Emin,
why
will
you
not
go
away
from
this
place?
I
know
you
have
the
passport,
and
suspect
the
reason
of
your
delay
to
be
this
(taking
money
out
of
his
pocket,
and
adding)
-
here
are
twenty-five
Russian
gold
pieces
(each
worth
twenty
rupees),
take
them
for
your
journey
expences,
and
give
me
your
note
of
hand;
say
nothing,
or
I
shall
be
very
angry
with
you,
and
Mrs.
Boad
will
never
forgive
you;
it
is
her
desire,
and
not
mine;
she
has
a
great
regard
for
you,
and
loves
your
spirit.
I
know
your
stubbornness
of
temper,
and
that
you
think
meanly
of
accepting
a
favour,
as
you
did
poor
Millers
offer:
you
kept
it
a
secret
from
us,
but
a
friend
of
his
told
me
all
that
had
passed
between
you
and
Miller
at
Riga;
it
is
to
your
honour,
but
you
are
lawfully
bound
to
hear
me,
as
I
am
an
Englishman,
and
not
a
German.
Here
are
pen,
ink,
and
paper;
let
me
have
the
honourable
pride
to
say,
that
the
hero
of
Armenia
is
going
with
his
own
hand
to
subscribe
himself
my
debtor.
"
Emin
could
not
refuse
this
friendly
offer;
he
took
the
pen
and
wrote
the
following
note:
"I
Joseph
Emin,
the
son
of
Hovsep
Emin,
do
hereby
acknowledge
and
certify,
I
have
received
of
Mr.
Boad
the
sum
of
twenty-five
Russian
gold
pieces,
each
equal
to
ten
dollars,
which
makes
250
dollars.
The
said
Mr.
Boad,
without
my
giving
him
notice
of
my
distress,
of
his
own
accord
offered
that
assistance
which
I
in
great
necessity
accepted,
on
this
condition,
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
receive
the
above-mentioned
sum
of
twenty-five
gold
pieces,
out
of
the
sum
which
the
earl
of
Northumberland,
my
patron,
will
send
or
remit
in
a
short
time.
Witness
my
hand
as,
"
&c.
&c.
With
this
Boad
seemed
to
be
satisfied,
saying
with
a
smile,
"Damn
all
great
men:
Come,
come,
let
me
take
you
to
your
quarters.
"
The
Armenians,
seeing
this
kindness
of
his
worthy
friend,
began
to
make
bows
lower
than
usual,
joining
in
belief
with
the
common
peoples
imaginary
million,
since
they
saw
him
paying
the
twelve
dollars
to
Sukiaz
the
monk,
on
purpose
to
make
a
show.
Two
days
after,
comes
again
his
friend
Mr.
Boad
in
his
chariot,
and
says
to
him,
"Come,
Emin,
let
us
go,
my
wife
wants
to
speak
with
you.
"
Emin
had
a
couple
of
rooms
in
a
large
house,
with
a
spacious
court
to
it,
where
the
church
was,
and
several
Armenian
merchants
lodged
in
different
chambers
of
it;
it
was
in
a
caravanserai,
with
the
master
of
the
house.
These
men
naturally
had
the
curiosity
to
learn
every
thing
from
his
servant,
of
what
passed
between
him
and
his
English
friends;
nor
did
the
servants
want
the
quality
of
busy
bodies,
to
brag
of
their
masters
being
so
much
honoured.
He
went
with
Mr.
Boad
again
to
the
same
tavern,
whose
lady,
as
before,
desired
them
to
go
to
the
same
place
to
drink
coffee.
No
sooner
had
they
entered
it,
than
Mr.
Boad
drew
his
sword,
and
laid
it
on
the
table:
the
coffee
was
brought
by
a
Russian
servant,
who
seeing
the
naked
destroyer
on
the
table,
was
frightened
out
of
his
wits.
Mr.
Boad,
in
a
very
grave
tone
of
voice,
ordered
him
to
go
out;
he
then
shut
the
door,
bidding
Emin
draw
his
sword,
at
the
same
time
presenting
him
a
dish
of
coffee,
which
he
took
with
great
composure,
and
said,
"There
is
no
occasion
to
draw.
"
Mr.
Boad
filled
a
pipe
with
tobacco,
and
said
to
Emin,
"I
will
tell
you
a
story.
"
He
said,
"The
story-teller
is
at
the
table,
there
is
no
occasion
to
give
yourself
any
trouble.
"
"No,
no,
"
said
he,
"an
Englishman
will
not
take
an
advantage,
unless
you
draw
likewise:
but
I
must
tell
my
story
first.
"
Then
said
Emin,
"Go
on,
Sir.
"
Mr.
Boad
began
thus:
"As
one
day
the
king
of
France
was
sitting
after
dinner
with
his
favourite
Madame
de
Pompadour,
all
the
servants
being
gone
out,
he
wanted
to
light
his
pipe
by
the
candle
on
the
table;
there
was
no
paper,
and
they
were
at
a
loss
for
it:
Madame
de
Pompadour
put
her
hand
into
her
pocket,
took
out
an
English
bank-note
of
25l.
and
applying
it
with
her
delicate
fingers
to
the
candle,
lighted
the
kings
pipe.
This
made
such
a
noise,
that
afterwards,
for
three
months
together,
it
was
published
in
newspapers
all
over
Europe,
as
an
act
of
liberality:
she
having
at
that
time
200,
000l.
secure
in
our
Bank
of
England.
Where
is
the
merit
of
that?
I,
who
have
not
the
tenth
part
of
that
sum,
am
a
man,
and
hearing
of
a
woman,
who,
if
she
had
not
been
the
kings
mistress,
would
be
deemed
no
better
than
one
of
the
common
women
in
Covent-garden,
will
bid
a
defiance
to
those
who
praised
her
to
the
skies.
As
to
lighting
my
honest
pipe
with
your
note,
I
swear,
if
you
stir
to
hold
my
hand,
or
prevent
the
burning
of
it,
I
will
run
you
through
immediately.
"
He
then
burned
it
to
ashes,
after
lighting
his
pipe.
Emin
thanked
him
heartily
for
his
uncommon
mode
of
generosity,
and
the
pretended
challenge
turned
into
a
stronger
amity,
and
eternal
friendship;
for,
twenty-four
years
after,
lord
Macartney,
when
he
came
from
Madras
to
Calcutta,
told
him,
that
his
friend
Mr.
Boad
at
Petersburgh
spoke
of
him
very
kindly.
Mr.
Thomson,
another
gentleman
resident
at
Moscow,
made
him
a
present
of
five
of
the
same
pieces.
The
Armenian
gentleman
mentioned
before,
Ivan
Lazarwitz,
head
jeweller
to
the
empress,
and
his
only
friend
among
so
many
Armenians
in
all
the
Russian
empire,
seeing
the
English
so
willing
to
serve
him,
was
obliged
in
honour
to
lend
him
twenty-five
ten-dollar
pieces,
but
never
would
be
paid
ever
after.
Before
his
setting
out
from
Moscow,
his
patron
the
earl
of
Northumberland,
by
the
hand
of
his
amiable
friend
the
late
Miss
Talbot,
remitted
100
guineas.
The
Armenians
father
Lazar,
who
was
not
acquainted
with
his
sons
liberality,
gave
him
five
of
the
same
coin,
with
a
large
loaf
of
sugar
weighing
forty
pounds,
and
five
pounds
of
tea.
Had
Mr.
Boad,
or
Mr.
Thomson,
been
worth
half
as
much
money
as
Ivan
Lazarwitz,
they
would
with
pleasure
have
saved
Emin
the
pain
of
being
beholden
to
any
great
man
existing:
but,
instead
of
that,
the
former
was
at
that
time
15,
000
tumans
in
debt
to
the
Russian
government,
and
lost
every
part
of
his
capital
in
merchandizing
in
the
late
war,
amounting
to
300,
000
rupees.
The
capital
of
the
other,
who
was
in
a
tolerable
good
way,
was
about
30,
000
dollars.
It
was
therefore
great
merit
in
the
Armenian
jeweller,
whose
father
but
lately
died,
leaving
three
sons
and
a
daughter;
and
to
the
eldest
son
Ivan
(Emins
friend)
had
left
the
grand
manufactory,
together
with
8000
Russian
slaves
bought
by
him;
all
which
were
then
valued
at
40,
000
tumans,
or
800,
000
rupees;
and
he
gave
also
to
the
other
two
sons,
and
to
the
daughter
12,
000
tumans
each,
and
6000
tumans
to
the
churches
and
the
poor.
With
all
this
wealth,
Lazar
thought
himself
doing
a
generous
action,
in
giving
Emin
five
pieces
of
gold,
with
a
loaf
of
sugar;
and
his
son
in
lending
him
twenty-five
pieces!
Emin
should
not
have
made
this
remark,
to
expose
the
Armenians
stinginess,
but
speaking
the
truth
is
doing
justice
to
all;
for
a
soldier
in
particular,
whose
tongue
and
heart
should
go
together.
If
the
Armenian
merchants
had
half
the
attachment
to
liberty
that
they
have
to
money
and
to
superstitions,
which
are
ruinous
in
many
respects,
they
would
have
been
made
free
long
ago:
but
that
horrid
superstition
has
become
so
predominant,
and
so
instilled
into
their
minds,
running
through
every
muscle
and
vein,
and
so
intermixed
with
their
blood
and
humour
that
they
really
deserve
the
pity
more
than
the
reflections
of
the
public.
They
actually
do
not
know
what
liberty
is;
could
they
once
but
taste
the
sweetness
of
it,
and
drive
old
womens
stories
out
of
their
good
hearts,
they
would
certainly
be
a
great
nation.
It
has
been
Emins
darling
ambition
only
to
tear
off
that
obscure
curtain
from
before
their
eyes,
which
motive
forced
him
to
go
through
such
a
multitude
of
toils.
In
any
other
case,
he
should
have
esteemed
it
imprudent
to
reflect
on
himself,
as
well
as
his
poor
countrymen,
almost
in
every
page
of
these
memoirs;
but
when
the
reader
shall
candidly
consider
the
subject,
he
will
find
the
writer
acts,
in
speaking
openly
concerning
them,
for
their
own
good,
and
by
no
means
with
an
intention
to
give
the
smallest
offence
or
dissatisfaction
to
them:
on
the
contrary,
his
chief
object
is
to
rouse
them
from
their
innocent
slumbers,
which
happiness,
he
is
sensible,
cannot
be
in
any
mans
power
to
confer,
unless
God
graciously
bestow
it
on
them.
