XXXI.
1783-1785.
[Emin
goes
to
Muscat,
Surat,
Bombay
-
Movses
formerly
his
servant,
now
a
prosperous
merchant
giving
himself
airs
-
Emin
goes
to
Purrel
-
Presented
to
Governor
Boddam
by
Mr.
Malet
-
Becomes
acquainted
with
several
people
who
show
him
great
kindness
-
Difficulty
in
procuring
passage
to
Calcutta
-
Captain
Smith
of
the
Admiral
Hughes
-
Mr.
Matcham
and
his
letter
-
Leaves
for
Calcutta
-
Stranded
at
Madras
through
Smiths
mean
tricks
-
Anderson
of
the
Success
-
Emin
scores
off
Smith
in
the
end!
-
Arrears
of
pay
-
Hastings
on
the
point
of
leaving
-
General
Sloper
-
Posted
to
a
company
of
European
Invalids
-
Colonel
Pearse
in
command
at
Fort
William
-
Company
ordered
to
Chunagar
-
Emin
gets
leave
to
stay
in
Calcutta
and
complete
his
"Memorial.
"]
Copies
of
original
documents
-
Application
for
Arrears
of
Pay
-
Letter
of
Col.
Peter
Murray
-
Emins
address
to
the
Governor.
(Narrative
resumed)
[Concludes
his
Narrative
with
dedication
to
Col.
Pearse
and
an
apology
to
the
reader.
]
Emin
having
stayed
at
Charaky
eighteen
days,
went
in
the
same
vessel
commanded
by
the
brave
Ben
Efy,
and
arrived
in
twelve
days
at
Moshcat.
He
stayed
also
eighteen
days
in
that
unhealthy
place;
and
thence
in
a
Mahomedan
vessel,
after
fifteen
days
sailing,
he
arrived
at
Jurat,
where
he
was
entertained
above
ten
days
by
an
Armenian
merchant
of
Tiffliz,
named
Stephanus.
Captain
Pickett,
his
old
acquaintance,
on
the
Bombay
marine
establishment,
being
then
an
annual
commodore
there,
applied
to
captain
Tuice
of
the
same
corps,
and
procured
a
passage
for
him
in
his
ship;
in
which,
after
five
days
sailing,
he
came
to
an
anchor
in
Bombay
harbour,
and
in
a
few
hours
went
on
shore
to
his
relation
Mussess,
who
had
been
his
servant
and
companion
almost
eleven
years
before,
and
who,
when
he
left
Emin
in
Georgia,
went
prudently
to
Madras;
where,
understanding
tolerably
well
the
Armenian
grammer,
he
introduced
himself
to
Mr.
Chamiers
favour,
and
was
retained
to
teach
his
sons.
In
two
or
three
years,
M.
Chamier
gave
Mussess
a
commission
with
goods
to
Suez,
and
thence
to
Egypt.
On
his
coming
back
from
that
voyage
with
some
gain,
Mr.
Chamier,
finding
him
capable,
entrusted
him
with
greater
merchandize,
and
a
ship
for
Bushir
in
Persia;
and
also
with
valuable
India
goods
and
China
wares
to
Shiraz,
as
presents
to
the
late
Carim
Khan,
in
order
to
establish
a
factory
there,
and
to
sell
his
merchandize;
but,
unluckily,
the
king
happened
then
to
be
dead.
The
presents
were
delivered
to
Abdulfat
Khan
his
son,
who
being
unworthy
to
reign
after
his
father,
was
dispossessed
by
Saduk
Khan
his
uncle.
Mussess,
wisely
observing
that
the
country
was
going
to
ruin
through
destructive
civil
wars,
and
hearing
from
all
quarters
the
revolt
of
different
generals,
with
much
difficulty
paid
a
sum
of
money
to
Saduk
Khan,
and
bribed
the
officers
of
the
court
to
let
him
go
back
to
Bushir.
Thence
he
went
to
Bombay;
when
the
war
happening
to
break
out
between
us
and
the
French,
he
thought
proper
to
stay
there
by
the
order
of
Mr.
Chamier
till
such
time
as
he
should
be
called
for.
Emin
was
not
a
little
glad
to
find
him
there,
after
so
many
years
longing
to
see
him;
but,
contrary
to
his
expectation,
he
found
him
quite
transformed,
behaving
imperiously
and
haughtily.
Emin
had
not
been
in
his
house
fifteen
days,
when,
in
conversation,
he
had
the
baseness
to
use
the
following
words
to
the
face
of
Emin,
who
had
been
the
cause
of
his
superficial
learning:
"Now
you
are
so
humbled
that
you
come
to
my
house
to
be
beholden
to
me.
"
At
which
unbecoming
Jewish
address,
Emin
was
all
on
fire,
and
got
up
immediately
to
reward
him
accordingly,
but
the
poor
creature
began
to
tremble
without
being
touched,
and
from
walking
up
and
down
the
hall
with
a
domineering
attitude,
sat
himself
down
in
a
chair
almost
exhausted,
and
becoming
quite
as
meek
as
when
he
was
a
servant
to
Emin,
begged
his
forgiveness.
Emin
forgave
him
freely.
As
it
was
night,
Emin
said
nothing
to
him;
but
the
next
morning
he
left
the
habitation
of
the
unthinking
ungrateful
Mussess,
and
took
a
house
at
fifteen
rupees
a
month,
without
a
rupee
in
his
pocket.
But
a
countryman
of
his
named
Hacob,
though
too
poor
in
circumstances
to
lend
him
any
sum
of
money,
made
him
coolly
welcome
to
eat
every
day
in
his
house
some
rice
and
curry.
Emin
omitted
to
mention
before,
that
a
few
days
after
his
arrival
at
Bombay,
he
proceeded
on
foot
to
Purrel,
to
wait
on
Governor
Boddam.
Mr.
Mallett,
his
worthy
friend,
happened
to
be
there,
and
introduced
him
to
his
Excellency.
Mr.
Alexander
Adams,
one
of
the
Honourable
Companys
civil
servants,
who
came
thither
on
some
business,
offered
kindly
to
take
him
in
his
chariot
back
to
town;
but
the
governor
engaged
him
to
dinner,
and
sent
for
his
son,
who
came
in
a
hakry.
In
the
afternoon,
dinner
being
over,
he
went
in
the
same
carriage
with
his
boy
to
Bombay.
When
Mr.
Mallet
came
to
town
with
the
Governor,
(which
used
to
be
once
a
week
every
Monday
morning,
)
he
made
it
his
business
to
bring
Emin
acquainted
with
a
great
many
gentlemen,
particularly
Mr.
Pemberton,
whose
letter
of
recommendation
to
his
brother
was
afterwards
of
great
consequence.
He
also
found
Mr.
Nisbet,
and
Mr.
Matcham,
his
old
acquaintance,
whom
he
had
seen
twelve
years
before,
and
whose
hospitality
and
good-nature
for
nine
months
kept
Emin
from
being
almost
starved.
He
and
his
son
dined
with
them
at
least
three
days
in
the
week,
and
this
made
him
pass
the
time
pretty
easily,
otherwise
he
might
have
been
uncomfortable,
living
intirely
with
the
Armenian
Hacob,
who,
like
Mussess,
had
been
his
servant
for
two
years
at
Bosra
and
Bagdad.
Emin,
in
all
that
period
had
not
a
single
rupee
in
his
pocket:
yet
he
took
care
not
to
open
his
lips
to
those
gentlemen,
nor
did
they
say
any
thing
to
him
on
the
subject.
He
supposed
that
money
was
very
scarce
there,
or
that
they
were
ignorant
of
his
wants,
otherwise
they
would
surely
have
offered
him
a
small
sum.
While
he
was
meditating
on
his
distressed
condition
captain
Pickett
arrived
in
two
months
from
Surat,
and
with
him,
as
an
old
acquaintance,
Emin
made
free,
borrowing
of
him
400
rupees,
which
were
just
enough
to
pay
some
small
debts
contracted
to
make
up
some
linen
for
himself
and
the
boy.
But
he
was
at
a
loss
to
get
his
passage
to
Calcutta:
the
commanders
of
the
ships,
on
the
one
hand,
not
knowing
him,
would
be
paid
on
the
spot
in
ready-money;
and
his
friends,
on
the
other
hand,
pressed
him
to
go
away;
so
that
he
was
as
much
in
distress
as
ever.
At
last
he
told
Mr.
Mallett
that
he
had
no
money,
and
his
friend
very
kindly
interposed
with
the
governor,
who
spoke
to
one
captain
Smith,
(a
Cumberland
man,
)
commanding
a
new
built
fine
ship
called
the
Admiral
Hughes,
to
give
Emin
a
passage,
which
he
promised
the
governor
he
would,
but
not
in
Emins
presence.
This
gentleman
being
newly
come
from
Europe,
was
naturally
very
fond
of
money,
and
kept
Emin
in
hot
water
for
some
months
before
he
set
sail;
telling
him
it
was
true
that
the
governor
had
spoken
in
his
behalf
to
give
him
a
passage,
but
that
he
must
pay
300
rupees
at
Bombay,
or
give
security
for
payment.
Emin
laid
his
case
before
his
good
friend
Mr.
Matcham,
who
readily
sat
down
and
wrote
the
following
note:
"Mr.
Matcham
presents
his
compliments
to
Captain
Smith,
and
informs
him
that
he
will
stand
security
for
300
rupees,
for
his
friend
Emins
passage-money
to
Bengal;
that
is,
if
he
should
not
be
able
to
pay
the
money
there,
Mr.
Matcham
will
pay
it
to
Captain
Smith.
"
Emin
took
this
note
to
the
captain,
who
little
thought
Matcham
was
Emins
friend,
as
well
as
the
Governor
and
Mr.
Mallet.
He
answered
the
note
in
this
form:
"Captain
Smith
returns
his
compliments
to
Mr.
Matcham,
and
begs
leave
to
send
back
his
note
respecting
Mr.
Emin,
as
he
had
already
promised
the
Governor
to
accommodate
that
gentleman
with
a
passage.
Saturday,
31st
July
1784.
"
Emin
carried
this
note
to
Mr.
Matcham,
and
begged
of
him
to
let
him
have
it,
alleging
that
the
captains
word
was
not
to
be
much
credited.
At
this
thought
Mr.
Matcham
laughed
heartily;
took
up
a
pen
and
wrote
jocosely
under
the
captains
note:
"Mr.
Emin,
I
congratulate
you
on
captain
Smiths
generosity.
-
You
will
observe
by
the
above
your
captain
means
to
afford
you
a
passage
gratis:
300
rupees
between
your
Highness
and
him
is
no
mighty
sum,
though
you
are
a
prince
sans
royaume.
"
Emin
took
great
care
to
keep
this
note.
In
this
manner
had
he
been
obliged
to
cringe
nine
months
in
Bombay
before
he
could
obtain
a
passage,
often
recollecting
his
late
venerable
fathers
good-natured
banter,
that
his
son
Emin
supported
himself
as
a
king
among
the
Armenians,
but
that
he
was
an
English
beggar.
He
wishes
with
all
his
heart
that
no
man
of
spirit
may
ever
meet
with
the
same
numberless
adversities,
which
made
him
almost
forty
years
keep
his
body
bent
to
his
good
friends,
whose
patience
and
humanity
surpassed
his
sufferings,
who
have
been
always
kind,
and
always
the
same,
receiving
him
like
the
lost
prodigal
son,
and
as
affectionately
giving
him
fresh
comfort
each
time,
so
as
to
make
him
forget
all
his
past
misfortunes,
and
affording
happiness
to
his
contented
mind,
by
obligingly
reminding
him,
that
it
was
not
for
himself
he
suffered,
but
for
the
service
of
his
country.
Mr.
Mallet,
Emins
very
good
friend,
obtained
for
him
a
letter
from
Governor
Boddam
to
Mr.
Hastings,
the
late
Governor-general:
Mr.
Pemberton
also
favoured
him
with
a
very
friendly
letter
to
his
brother
the
reverend
Mr.
Pemberton,
and
a
third
letter
was
from
Mr.
Matcham.
After
he
had
taken
leave
of
all
his
friends,
the
hospitable
Commodore
Nisbet
honoured
him
with
his
own
boat
in
which
he
and
his
son
went
on
board
the
Admiral
Hughes.
Next
morning
captain
Smith
came
on
board
and
sailed
for
Madras,
where
he
arrived
in
eighteen
days,
and
where
Emin
made
free
to
write
two
lines
to
Mr.
Chamier,
to
acquaint
him
with
his
arrival,
and
to
ask
if
he
had
any
commands
for
Bengal.
As
the
ship
was
to
stay
there
but
a
few
days,
Emin
did
not
think
proper
to
go
on
shore.
Mr.
Chamier
would
by
all
means
see
him
and
the
child;
and
sent
a
boat
with
two
catmarans,
which
took
them
on
shore.
He
received
them
in
a
most
friendly
manner,
entertained
them
in
his
house,
and
made
some
new
clothes
for
Arshac,
of
whom
he
took
as
much
notice
as
if
he
had
been
his
own
child.
He
comforted
Emin
as
well
as
he
could
for
not
having
succeeded
in
his
honourable
design.
On
the
third
day
Emin
called
on
captain
Smith,
to
know
at
what
time
the
ship
would
sail,
who,
with
great
indifference
and
coldness,
told
him
that
he
did
not
know.
Emin
supposed
that
the
ship
would
stay
longer
than
it
was
talked
of,
flattering
himself
that
he
should
enjoy
more
of
the
agreeable
company
of
his
friend
Mr.
Chamier;
but,
to
his
great
surprize,
the
next
morning
the
captain
and
the
ship
were
gone.
Emin
could
not
help
being
a
little
sensible
of
the
captains
uncivil
behaviour
in
not
speaking
the
truth.
He
intended
then
to
travel
by
land,
but
his
friend
Mr.
Chamier
was
against
it,
thinking
it
would
be
too
much
fatigue
to
undertake
going
that
way.
While
they
were
wavering
which
way
to
proceed,
captain
Anderson
arrived
with
his
own
ship,
the
Success
gally
from
Mukha
and
Juda:
he
happened
to
be
an
intimate
friend
of
Mr.
Chamiers
by
whose
interest,
after
staying
five
days
at
Madras,
he
received
Emin
on
board,
giving
him
politely
the
best
accommodation
he
could.
He
treated
him
well
all
the
time
of
the
passage,
and
in
thirteen
days
they
arrived
in
Calcutta
river.
Emin
offered
to
make
him
proper
recompence;
but
captain
Anderson
would
by
no
means
accept
of
it,
nor
suffer
him
to
say
more
about
it.
Captain
Smith,
after
several
weeks,
not
ashamed
of
his
unmanly
behaviour,
made
apologies,
saying,
that
he
did
not
know
at
Madras
when
he
was
to
sail;
and
imagining
that
his
boasting
note
was
left
with
Mr.
Matcham,
and
that
Emin
was
to
be
imposed
on
like
some
other
poor
Armenians,
sent
his
purser
slily
to
hint
at
the
payment
of
his
passage
money.
Emin
not
answering
immediately,
the
young
man
made
him
several
visits
for
some
weeks;
till
one
day
he
said,
that
captain
Smith
sent
his
compliments
to
remind
him
of
his
passage.
Emin
said,
"Why
did
not
you
speak
plain
all
this
while,
that
you
might
have
had
your
answer?"
at
the
same
time
producing
the
captains
note:
the
purser
saw
it,
and
was
astonished.
Emin
told
him,
that
he
was
very
sorry
the
captain
should
call
himself
an
Englishman,
since
he
was
fitter
to
live
in
Dukes
Place
among
the
Jews,
than
to
rank
himself
among
gentlemen.
Upon
this
the
man
went
away
with
the
answer,
and
never
returned,
nor
was
he
ever
seen
after
in
Emins
house.
Captain
Smith,
whom
he
often
met
in
the
government-house
at
breakfast
and
dinner,
never
opened
his
lips
to
say
a
word
about
the
affair
which
had
been
so
silently
settled.
Mr.
Matcham
soon
after
arrived
from
Bombay,
and
Mr.
Mallet
overland
from
Delhi.
Emin
would
by
no
means
keep
the
ridiculous
secret
from
his
friends,
but
acquainted
them
with
it.
On
the
first
meeting
they
laughed
at
it
heartily,
and
seemed
glad
it
had
happened.
They
approved
Emins
conduct,
saying,
he
had
done
right
to
keep
the
note,
to
be
even
with
the
man
who
had
plagued
him
so
long
at
Bombay,
and
left
him
behind
at
Madras.
Emin,
on
his
first
arrival
at
Bengal,
went
with
the
letter
from
Mr.
Boddam
to
wait
on
the
late
Governor
Hastings;
and
after
delivering
it,
was
received
with
great
politeness
by
his
Excellency.
A
few
days
after,
he
was
advised
by
several
of
his
friends,
particularly
by
the
reverend
Mr.
Pemberton,
(who
was
more
than
a
father
to
him,
)
to
address
Governor
Hastings
for
his
arrears
of
pay,
since
his
furlough
had
been
granted
by
him
without
limitation
of
time;
but
Mr.
Hastings,
whose
time
was
short,
and
who
was
very
busy
before
he
went
to
Europe,
could
not
give
attention
to
Emins
application.
He
favoured
him
at
last
so
much,
as
to
advise
him
to
write
to
the
Honourable
Council.
Emin
asked,
when
he
should
write?
Mr.
Hastings
said,
"I
will
let
you
know:
"
but
unfortunately
for
Emin,
he
was
involved
in
greater
affairs,
went
on
board,
and
left
him
without
a
patron.
The
succeeding
Governor,
Mr.
Macpherson,
happening
to
have
seen
Emin
at
Madras,
desired
to
have
a
short
memorial
from
him,
with
the
leave
of
absence
for
an
unlimited
time,
and
the
letter
from
the
duke
of
Northumberland,
and
that
of
Mr.
Edmund
Burke.
On
seeing
the
paper,
he
promised
upon
his
honour
to
use
his
interest
for
him
in
the
Council,
so
as
to
procure
an
order
for
his
arrears,
and
his
rank
in
the
army.
Emin
seeing
Mr.
Macphersons
extraordinary
affability,
took
it
for
granted
that
he
would
perform
his
promise;
but
Mr.
Macpherson,
either
through
forgetfulness,
or
by
some
accident,
as
he
was
not
very
well
in
health,
neglected
Emins
case,
and
kept
him
several
months
in
suspense,
without
deciding
one
way
or
the
other.
During
this
precarious
situation,
when
Emin
little
expected
to
hear
such
news,
he
was
informed
of
General
Slopers
arrival
at
Madras,
and
of
his
coming
to
Bengal
to
take
the
command
of
the
army.
This
honourable
officer
happened
to
know
Emin
twenty-six
years
before
during
the
last
war
in
Germany,
and
immediately
on
seeing
him,
took
him
by
the
hand,
and
protected
him
in
a
manner
becoming
the
dignity
of
a
brave
soldier.
He,
in
a
few
weeks
time,
having
procured
an
order
of
the
Honourable
Council
for
the
arrears
of
Emins
pay,
and
his
rank
in
the
army,
posted
him
in
the
third
company
of
European
invalids.
Earl
Cornwallis
succeeding
both
to
the
government
and
the
command
of
the
army,
the
General
went
home,
and
left
Emin
to
shift
for
himself;
but
fortunately,
Colonel
Pearse
took
the
command
of
the
garrison
in
Fort
William;
and
having
known
Emin
at
the
Royal
Academy
of
Woolwich,
condescended
to
renew
an
acquaintance
of
thirty-six
years
singular
kindness,
and
took
him
entirely
under
his
patronage.
The
third
company
of
invalids
being
ordered
to
move
to
Chunagur,
Emin
wished
to
remain
in
Calcutta
to
finish
his
narrative.
The
colonel
obligingly
interposed
with
Earl
Cornwallis;
and
his
lordship
signified
his
pleasure,
in
a
general
order,
that
Ensign
Emin
was
not
to
proceed
with
the
corps,
but
was
to
draw
regularly,
according
to
his
rank,
for
his
pay,
batta,
and
house-rent.
This
great
indulgence
he
owes
to
the
colonel,
for
had
he
not
been
present
to
use
his
interest
with
Governor
General,
Emin
could
never
have
finished
his
Memorial;
in
which
a
friend
at
Calcutta,
has
corrected
the
bad
English
and
false
spelling,
but
has
designedly
left
the
rough
style
without
any
alteration.
EMINS
APPLICATION
FOR
APPEARS
OF
PAY.
In
consequence
of
a
publication
in
the
Gazette,
that
all
persons
having
Claims
on
the
Company,
shoud
prepare
them
by
the
1st
of
next
Month,
I
take
the
Liberty
tho.
with
Reluctency
of
being
troublesome
to
you.
The
necessity
of
my
present
precarious
Situation
Obliges
me
against
my
Will
to
be
so,
Some
Weeks
since
you
promised
most
graciously
to
take
into
/
your
Good
Consideration
my
Hard
Case,
in
regard
to
my
arrears
of
pay,
and
my
Rank
in
the
army,
for
13
Years
I
took
it
for
granted,
and
have
wrote
with
the
utmost
confidence
to
my
Friends
in
England
that
the
present
Governor
General
(meaning
Your
Excely,
woud
of
his
own
Accord,
and
without
any
Gentlemans
Interest
or
Interposition
have
supported
me
from
falling
and
protected
me,
In
doing
of
which
I
am
confident
they
will
applaud
your
Kindness,
and
Acknowledge
it
with
Thanks.
I
know
the
Multiplicity
of
important
Affairs
on
your
hands,
which
must
prevent
you
from
thinking
of
me,
and
which
consequently
Obliges
me
to
intrude
on
your
patience
by
reminding
you
of
my
distresses
and
being
at
present
without
any
Means
of
Subsistence,
your
kind
notice
of
me
indeed
is
a
Curtain
that
Screens
me
from
the
Reflections
of
the
World
and
holds
me
from
sinking
totaly
down
in
their
Oppinions,
may
God
avert
any
disappointment
of
my
conjectured
hopes,
tho.
My
Attachment
to
your
noble
Country
woud
be
none
relaxd,
as
for
35
Years
last
past
I
have
served
it
without
regard
to
Emolument,
According
to
my
weak
Ability,
and
shall
continue
so
long
as
I
live
to
wish
to
see
Its
prosperity
and
Glory.
When
I
was
young,
it
was
a
matter
of
Indifference
whether
I
lived
on
Air
or
Starved
upon
Nothing,
but
now
a
number
of
poor
Relations,
besides
a
Wife
and
4
Childrens
to
provide
for,
makes
me
to
feel
it
to
the
Quick
and
in
duty
bounds
me
to
call
and
cry
out
so
very
loud.
I
have
refused
very
great
offers
in
my
wandering
Travels
by
different
Infidel
Nations,
nor
did
I
bend
my
neck
to
them
even
at
the
very
risk
of
my
Head,
but
have
always
prefered
Christians
to
their
Temptations
just
to
serve
my
Consience,
and
my
principles,
which
I
hope
to
preserve
incorrupt
to
the
last
of
my
Breath.
Lastly
if
my
pay
and
Rank
will
be
granted
to
me
by
your
favour,
I
shall
be
happy,
but
if
not
I
shall
Still
be
contented
provided
you
will
with
your
usual
Indulgence
overlook
my
speaking
so
freely
the
Sentiments
of
my
honest
heart
a
principle
of
Gratitude
no
man
that
knows
my
Charracter
can
despute.
My
Bill
for
my
pay,
and
Batta
I
have
tae
Singular
Honor
to
inclose,
and
to
prove
to
you
Justice,
that
I
left
my
station
under
Sanction
of
your
Noble
Government,
I
likewise
have
the
Singular
Honor
to
inclose
a
Certificate
of
my
Leave
of
Absence,
I
remain
with
utmost
Respect
Honble
Sir
Calcutta
the
14th
Your
honors
most
obedt.
most
obliged
April
1785
and
most
protected
Humble
Servant
(Signed)
JOSEPH
EMIN
Ensign
To
the
Honble
John
Macpherson
Esqr
Governor
General
&ca.
&ca.
&ca.
Fort
William,
Brevet
Ensign
Emin
originally
did
duty
with
Major
Baillies
Troop
of
Cavalry,
Since
the
reduction
of
that
Corps
Ensign
Emin
has
not
been
posted
to
any
other,
but
was
permitted
to
reside
wherever
he
pleased.
It
rests
in
the
pleasure
of
the
Commander
in
Chief
whether
or
not
to
allow
Ensign
Emin
his
Batta
during
the
period
of
his
absence;
but
with
respect
to
his
arrears
of
Pay,
he
has
an
undoubted
right
to
them
if
there
are
any
due.
Adjutant
Generals
Office
PETER
MURRAY
22nd
February
1786.
Adjt.
Genl.
To
The
Honble
Governor
General
John
Macpherson
Esqr
&
Councell
&ca
&ca
Honourable
Sir
&
Sirs
Having
given
my
most
humble
Address
to
the
Honourable
Governor
General
containing
the
Case
of
my
precarious
Situation,
in
Consequence
of
my
Arrears
of
pay
and
my
Rank
in
the
Army,
also
the
Certificate
of
inlimited
Time
(of
the
late
Governor
General)
the
Governor
General
very
Graciously
gave
me
Hopes
and
bade
me
to
wait.
It
is
now
almost
a
year
and
half
past,
unsettled
with
restless
Mind
the
present
Necessity
Obliges
me,
tho
with
Reluctancy,
humbly
to
beg
of
your
Honour
and
honours
Indulgence
to
take
my
hard
Case
in
your
most
humane
favourable
consideration
so
as
to
be
pleased
to
grant
by
your
mighty
Hands
my
Rank
in
the
Army
and
my
Arrears
of
pay,
which
is
the
whole
dependence
of
numerous
poor
Relations
a
Wife
and
four
helpless
Children,
in
a
Country
of
despotick
Government,
where
groaning
under
the
oppressive
yokes
of
different
Tyrants,
whose
cruel
barbarous
Usages
to
the
subjects,
are
not
only
unknown
to
your
Honor
and
Honors,
but
also
to
all
the
Universe.
I
am
extreamly
sorry
to
have
gone
so
far
deep
in
this
my
humble
petition,
as
to
effect
your
Humanity
but
if
the
Source
of
it
had
not
been
from
that
cruel
quick
feeling,
which
forces
me
to
call
out
in
so
unsoldier
like
manner,
I
would
with
all
the
Ease
and
patience
be
content
myself
by
the
undaunted
Attachment,
for
a
Noble
Country
which
I
have
without
any
Emolument
honestly
served
full
35
years,
either
in
some
Campaigns
abroad,
or
in
a
Mind
gratefull,
when
Absented
by
an
order
&
in
defence
of
which
(whether
I
am
favoured
or
not)
it
is
the
humble
request
of
your
troublesome
petitioner
to
spend
the
remainder
of
his
Days.
I
have
the
singular
Honor
to
be
Honble
Sir
&
Sirs
Calcutta
Your
most
Obedient
most
The
30th
March
1786.
obliged
and
dutyfull
Humble
Servant
JOSEPH
EMIN
Ensign
(The
foregoing
are
copies
of
documents
in
the
Record
Department
of
the
Government
of
India
kindly
supplied
by
the
Officer
in
Charge.
)
Emins
name
is
entered
in
the
Directory
as
follows.
Bengal
Army
List,
February
1797
(
p.
54
)
PENSIONER
ARTILLERY
Ensign
Joseph
Emin
It
is
to
Colonel
Pearse,
who
would
despise
a
formal
dedication
that
Emin
begs
leave
to
inscribe
his
Narrative,
with
the
simplicity
of
a
soldier,
and
with
a
grateful
sense
of
his
kindness.
He
hopes
that
the
public
will
receive
his
work
with
indulgence,
and
will
have
the
goodness
to
consider,
that
he
has
laboured
forty
years,
against
his
own
interest,
to
be
of
service
to
his
country;
but
found
at
last
that
he
was
grasping
at
nothing;
having
only
the
satisfaction
of
knowing,
that
it
was
his
prudent
conduct,
in
all
that
period,
which
saved
him
from
being
demolished
by
barbarians,
who
are
themselves
not
sure
of
their
own
lives
for
half
an
hour;
among
whom,
fathers
are
jealous
of
their
sons,
and
sons
envious
of
their
fathers.
The
savage
manners
of
those
countries,
to
hear
of
which
is
painful,
affect
more
strongly
the
mind
of
a
man
who
saw
with
open
eyes
how
unmercifully
they
destroy
one
another.
There
is
no
occasion
to
say
more
about
them.
The
words
of
European
travellers
sufficiently
prove
their
dispositions
to
have
been
always
contrary
to
those
of
Europeans;
and
those
travellers
were
among
them
in
a
time
of
peace
only:
but
from
the
invasion
of
the
Afghans,
who
first
began
to
pull
down
the
family
of
Safi,
and
the
completion
of
its
ruin
by
Nadir
Shah,
the
Persians
are
become
entirely
different,
growing
worse
and
worse
every
day.
The
whole
country
resembles
the
wreck
of
a
ship;
and,
as
the
divine
punishment
of
their
wickedness,
the
dreadful
storm
continues
dashing
the
remainder
of
it
against
the
rock.
To
conclude:
The
author
humbly
begs
leave
to
remind
the
candid
reader
of
his
imperfect
acquaintance
with
the
native
propriety
of
the
English
style;
but
he
trusts
that
the
singularity
of
the
matter
will
not
be
unentertaining;
and
he
flatters
himself
that
the
young
Armenians,
whose
knowledge
of
the
language
is
but
superficial
may
easily
read
and
understand
a
work
so
plainly
written.
Who
knows
but
it
may
throw
some
light
into
their
minds,
if
they
communicate
the
substance
of
it
to
others,
or
translate
it
into
their
own
language?
In
time
to
come
it
may
be
of
service
to
them,
and
rouse
them
from
their
slumber,
till
they
open
their
eyes
by
degrees,
and
understand
the
true
meaning
of
liberty;
of
which
all
Asia,
from
the
creation
of
the
world
to
this
moment,
have
been,
and
are
blindly
ignorant;
witness
the
many
vast
regions
in
that
quarter
of
the
world
which
have
been
ruled
by
the
will
of
a
single
tyrant,
who,
like
a
savage
beast,
has
devoured
his
subjects;
and
when
he
has
been
cut
off,
his
successor
has
been
no
better
than
himself.
Since
the
Orientals
know
not
what
freedom
is,
the
author
could
not
have
learned
the
meaning
of
it
in
Asia;
but
he
went
to
improve
himself
in
the
knowledge
of
European
manners,
and
happily
found
at
last,
that
liberty
is
the
source
of
all
the
comforts
of
life.
THE
END.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Emin
to
Mr.
Pitt,
1758
-
to
Mrs.
Montagu,
1785
-
Mrs.
Montagu
to
her
Sister,
I785
-
Advertisement
of
Emins
book,
1789
-
Edmund
Burke
to
Emin,
1789
-
Emin
to
Mrs.
Montagu,
original,
August
1791,
duplicate
November
1791
-
Mrs.
Scott
to
Mrs.
Montagu
(undated).
EMIN
TO
MR.
PITT.
A
COPY.
1758.
Sir,
Had
I
been
so
fortunate
on
my
leaving
this
Place
when
I
went
to
my
own
Country
as
I
am
now
by
your
presence,
I
need
not
have
the
great
Pain
to
be
obliged
to
return.
I
had
a
little
Allowance
that
I
thought
be
to
me
certain
&
sure,
but
I
was
by
misfortune
disappointed
when
I
was
just
at
my
Arms
Length
of
Success.
I
say
I
was
forced
to
return
to
manage
my
own
Business,
and
try
whether
this
sad
face
of
mine,
that
recommended
me
once
to
brave
People,
woud
serve
me
again.
Your
Reception
of
me
yesterday
was
severe,
but
I
hope
it
was
friendly.
You
said
so,
and
I
beleive
it.
It
was
the
Fedelity
of
your
heart
to
spure
me
on,
and
to
assure
me
of
your
Friendship.
But
give
me
Leave
to
say
S
r
that
your
hint
with
the
Word
Oriantal,
as
if
I
was
telling
one
of
the
Arabian
Tails,
I
own,
it
choacks
in
the
Throat
me
nor
can
I
swallow
it
with
any
Comfort.
I
am
hurt
to
the
Soul,
I
see
that
success
is
necessary
to
make
a
man
seem
honest
as
well
as
wise.
I
own
great
S
r
in
my
first
attempt
I
am
not
successful,
but
I
can
with
satisfaction
say
have
got
Some
Experience,
&
know
the
Country
and
the
People.
My
failing
was
not
my
Fault.
I
can
explain
it,
I
must
not
write
what
I
wish
I
coud,
and
must
not
speak
what
I
think.
It
is
the
noble
Sentiments
of
gratitude
abstructs
my
pen.
I
hear
it
with
Patiene.
Thank
you
for
it,
and
for
the
many
favours
already
bestowed
on
me.
-
You
seem
to
me
like
the
noble
Sparthans,
who
made
their
Conversation
concise
as
well
as
their
Writing
short,
whom
I
will
not
only
immitate
but
to
improve
upon
without
ever
troubling
your
Goodness
by
my
wild
speaches.
When
I
speak
I
am
a
ramber,
and
grow
hot,
but
writing
confines
me
to
explain
myself
better.
I
will
in
three
days
time
shew
you
what
my
meaning
is,
if
you
cannot
bear
my
nonsense
to
disturb
the
extencive
business
you
are
employed
in
I
am
with
the
truest
Veneration.
EMIN
TO
MRS
MONTAGU
(
Aug
7
1785
)
To
the
most
worthy,
and
most
learned
M
rs
Montague
May
it
please
your
Ladyship
That
your
faithfull
Servant
the
author
of
this
humble
Address
took
the
Leberty
to
write
by
one
of
the
Ships
of
last
Moosoon
his
precarious
Situation
of
Life
to
acquaint
that
he
had
no
other
Friend
at
Calcutta
but
M
r
Macpherson
the
present
Gov
r
General
who
being
very
much
inclined
to
assist,
or
forward
my
Interest
fo
grarnting
my
Arrears
of
pay,
and
my
Rank
in
the
Army,
as
he
coud
not
do
or
bring
about
by
himself
alone
at
the
Honorable
Board
of
Counsell,
&
myself
being
almost
despared
by
various
desagreeable
anxiety
of
Mind
behold
unexpectedly
the
great
providence
sent
to
my
Assistence,
the
most
learned
Judge
the
Great
S
r
William
Jones,
who
without
my
giving
him
the
least
hint
of
my
Destress,
interposed
with
the
rest
of
other
Gentlemen
at
Board,
who
having
agreed
unanimusly
to
take
my
Case
in
good
Consideration,
and
favour
me
without
any
Opposition.
o
n
that
I
am
gratefully
under
Obligation
to
S
r
William,
who
has
honored
me
with
the
inexpressible
Indulgence
to
be
with
him,
to
enjoy
almost
every
day
in
the
Week
at
his
House
his
learned
improving
Company,
in
a
word
I
am
in
Love
with
his
benevolent
Heart
and
greatness
of
Soul.
His
mind
is
exactly
like
my
dear
uncle
M
r
Edmund
Burkes,
and
my
Lady
Joness
affable
Cordiality
Care
and
Indulgence
towards
me
and
my
Son,
much
resembling
my
Princess
Patroness
the
aimable
M
rs
Montague,
in
short
I
am
happy
and
hope
your
Ladyship
is
so
too:
Yesterday
I
dined
with
my
boy
at
S
r
Williams
he
told
me
was
going
to
write
both
to
M
rs
Montague
and
to
M
r
Burke
and
promised
to
remember
me
to
your
Ladyshim,
to
him,
and
to
all
his
and
my
Noble
Friends,
which
makes
me
still
happyer.
Pray
remember
with
my
best
Respects
to
M
r
Burke,
I
intreat
he
will
kiss
for
me,
and
for
my
Son
your
Ladyships
powerfull
hand,
and
when
we
are
come
to
old
England
we
will
kiss
the
sole
of
his
Shoe,
and
my
best
wishes
with
my
Respects
to
his
Lady,
and
his
brave
Son
M
r
Burke.
I
have
the
Honor
and
happyness
to
be
My
Lady,
your
Ladyships
Calcutta
the
7
th
Aug
t
1785
most
obedient
most
obliged,
and
most
faithfull
Slave
&
Servant
JOSEPH
EMIN
and
Aurshauk
Emin
(
On
the
back
of
this
letter
a
memorandum
by
Mrs.
Montagu)
Papers
to
be
given
me
at
Denton
Emin
MRS
MONTAGU
TO
HER
SISTER
Mr
Pratts
marriage
1786
On
Dec.
21
1785
Emin!
y
e
18th
Janry.
My
very
dear
Sister
This
severe
return
of
frost
makes
me
heartily
wish
you
may
not
have
left
Norwich,
your
party
at
ye
Bishops,
&
Deans,
when
ye
Kitchen
Fire
w
d
warm
the
whole
dwelling
w
d
be
very
comfortable,
&
far
more
wholesome
than
a
cold
Villa.
M
r
Ireton
on
Monday
brought
me
a
mourning
ring
for
our
dear
S
r
William,
I
find
by
him,
the
Primate
is
quite
alone
at
Bath,
my
nephew
Robinson,
who
dined
with
me
on
Monday,
tells
me
ye
Primate
did
not
invite
him
to
come
to
Bath,
I
hope
he
has
not
disappointed
any
expectation
his
Grace
entertaind
that
he
w
d
come
as
a
thing
of
course,
which,
however,
I
much
suspect.
The
news
paper
asserted
that
the
Recorder
of
Canterbury
was
a
Candadate
for
ye
vacant
place
of
a
Master
in
Chancery.
I
heartily
wish
ye
Chancellor
w
d
give
it
him,
as
I
think
it
w
d
be
a
very
comfortable
situation,
&
his
knowledge
of
Law,
&
excellent,
&
acute
parts,
w
d
enable
him
to
make
a
very
good
figure
in
it,
but
as
Places
are
seldom
given
to
a
Man
for
his
capacity
of
filling
them,
I
am
afraid
Charles
must
still
toil
on
at
ye
Wrangling
Bar,
for
I
cannot
learn
from
my
Nephew
Robinson,
his
Mother,
or
M
rs
Taswell,
who
all
dined
here
on
Monday,
that
they
have
heard
any
thing
of
ye
affair
but
from
ye
news
paper,
However
I
am
not
quite
without
hope
of
it,
&
sh
d
I
hear
any
thing
to
be
depended
upon
will
immediately
communicate
ye
pleasing
intelligence
to
you.
You
w
d
read
of
L
d
Dacres
death
in
ye
news
papers
he
was
well
as
usual
when
he
went
to
Bed,
but
expired
in
less
than
an
hour.
L
d
Camden
is
very
happy
in
his
Sons
marriage,
by
ye
Rise
of
Stocks
ye
fortune
will
amount
to
₤50,
000.
The
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
has
given
William
Gregory
a
Living
worth
160l.
a
year,
&
situated
only
17
miles
from
London.
He
is
an
amiable
youth,
&
I
rejoyce
in
his
good
fortune,
I
do
not
know
by
what
interest
it
was
procured
for
him.
After
20
years
intermission
of
correspondence
I
had
a
letter
last
week
from
Emin,
he
found
S
r
W
m
Jones
was
sending
a
packet
to
me
of
litterary
performances
by
our
Country
men
at
Calcutta,
so
he
inserted
his
letter.
He
tells
me
S
r
William
Jones
is
his
kind
Patron,
&
has
made
his
situation
very
comfortable.
It
seems
he
is
married,
&
has
a
Son
grown
up.
I
believe
Harry
Bothum
will
hire
Ad
l
Derbys
House
at
Newton
which
is
now
to
be
lett,
ye
Admiral
having
inherited
a
Villa
at
Panbury
which
he
likes
better.
I
am
to
dine
at
M
r
Raikes
on
Thursday
sennight;
I
wish
you
&
dear
Miss
Arnold
were
to
be
of
the
Party.
It
is
reported
that
Miss
Barwell
is
gone
off
with
her
Cousin
a
M
r
Brown,
they
are
not
gone
to
Gretna
Green,
but
far
worse,
to
the
Den
of
Sin
&
infamy,
for
it
seems
he
is
a
married
man.
I
was
just
here
interrupted
by
a
Person
who
calld
to
make
me
a
visit,
&
from
him
I
learn,
that
M
r
Barwell
follow
d
his
Sister
&
her
Lover
to
some
Sea
Port,
where
they
were
waiting
for
a
fair
wind
to
waft
them
to
some
Foreign
Shore,
he
burst
into
the
Room
where
ye
Lovers
were
sitting,
&
by
ye
assistance
of
4
Servants
armd
forced
ye
fair
fugitive
into
a
Postchaise,
&
brought
her
back
to
London;
whether
she
will
return
to
reason
&
virtue
I
know
not
to
fair
Fame
she
never
can,
for
as
says
ye
f
rench
Poet,
lhonneur
est
comme
une
Ile
dun
bord
Si
une
fois
on
en
sorte,
lon
ny
rentre
jamais,
I
am
sorry
for
M
r
Barwell
who
has
been
so
kind
and
generous
a
Brother.
The
Carrier
I
fear
has
feasted
on
ye
Turkey
you
kindly
intended
for
y
r
Nephew
&
Niece
for
it
has
not
arrived
at
Manchester
Square,
I
dined
w
th
them
yesterday
with
some
of
ye
York
family.
I
forgot
in
my
last
to
tell
you
ye
cheap
lamps
are
not
like
Parkers
in
a
main
article
they
emit
ye
smoke
which
his
do
not.
He
has
single
lamps,
at
15
shillings
a
peace,
which
give
more
light
than
2
wax
candles
or
indeed
than
4,
&
ye
expence
of
oil
only
one
half
penny
an
hour.
I
beg
my
best
comp
ts
to
M
r
&
M
rs
Freeman
&
love
to
dear
Miss
Arnold.
Your
Turkey
is
a
noble
Creature,
especially
to
those
who
feast
on
ye
feathers
black
&
gold;
to
ye
Gourmand
merely
it
affords
only
one
fine
entertainment.
I
am
ever
Your
most
affectionate
Sister
&
obliged
E.
M.
Mr.
and
Miss
Barwell.
Richard
Barwell
(the
friend
and
supporter
of
Warren
Hastings),
whose
correspondence
has
been
published
in
Bengal
Past
and
Present,
retired
from
Indian
service
in
1781,
at
the
age
of
39
or
40.
Mrs.
Montagus
letter
of
1785
gives
no
clue
as
to
the
Christian
names
of
the
members
of
the
Barwell
family
alluded
to,
but
Richard
Barwell
had
some
relatives
named
Brown,
which
is
also
the
name
of
the
cousin
with
whom
Miss
Barwell
eloped.
Richard
Barwell
had
two
houses
in
Calcutta,
Writers
Buildings
and
Kidderpore
House
(Dict.
of
Ind.
Biog.
).
He
became
M.
P.
for
St.
Ives
and
Winchester,
and
died
in
1804.
A
son
of
his
was
Collector
of
Midnapore
in
1827.
Mrs.
Montagus
French
quotation,
of
which
one
word
is
illegible,
was
probably
made
from
memory,
as
she
seems
to
be
alluding
to
the
following,
from
Boileaus
Les
Femmes
(Satire
X),
1693.
"Lhonneur
est
comme
une
île,
escarpée
et
sans
bords,
On
ny
peut
plus
rentrer
dès
quon
en
est
dehors.
"
The
letter
is
addressed
Mrs
Scott
at
The
Revd
Mr.
Freemans
Norwich.
ADVERTISEMENT
FROM
THE
CALCUTTA
GAZETTE.
PROPOSALS
FOR
PRINTING
BY
SUBSCRIPTION.
Memoirs
of
Joseph
Emin,
a
Native
of
Hamadan,
Who,
after
following
his
father
to
Bengal,
was
at
the
age
of
twenty-four
led
by
a
spirit
of
enterprize
to
visit
England
and
from
that
time,
during
a
period
of
thirty
eight
years,
has
passed
an
active
and
eventful
life
in
different
parts
of
Europe
and
Asia.
WRITTEN
BY
HIMSELF.
Conditions.
The
Work
to
be
printed
in
England,
on
fine
paper,
in
quarto.
The
subscription,
two
gold
mohurs,
to
be
paid
on
the
delivery
of
the
Book,
and
the
Work
to
be
put
in
hand
as
soon
as
a
sufficient
number
of
subscriptions
shall
be
received
to
defray
the
expenses
of
printing
it.
A
list
of
the
subscriptions
to
be
prefixed.
Persons
wishing
to
subscribe
to
this
publication
are
requested
to
signify
their
names
to
the
author
in
Calcutta
or
to
the
Printer
of
the
Calcutta
Gazette.
CALCUTTA
The
1st
January
1789
"Proposals
for
printing
by
subscription"
were
very
frequent
in
the
Calcutta
Gazette.
Portraits
of
Lord
Cornwallis,
prints
of
Lord
Clives
picture
at
Government
House,
"Indian
Traveller,
"
a
"Treatise
on
Indigo,
"
and
many
other
works,
even
a
gloomy
publication
entitled
"Thoughts
on
Duelling,
"
with
"Observations
on
Suicide
and
Assassination,
"
were
all
advertised
for
subscribers,
and
presumably
found
support.
The
list
of
subscribers
was
always
inserted,
generally
at
the
end
of
the
book.
Emins
subscribers
names
were
placed
at
the
beginning
of
his
book.
Mrs.
Montagu
considered
the
price
of
the
book
was
too
high.
"But,
"
protested
the
author,
"be
rights
it
should
be
so,
for
being
brimful
of
two
footed
savage
monsters,
among
whom
Emin
lived
more
safe
and
happy
than
among
his
Christian
friends.
"
EMIN
TO
MRS.
MONTAGU.
(1789)
My
dear
Madam,
I
cannot
immagine
for
the
Soul
of
me
what
can
be
the
reason
of
your
Ladyships
Treatment
to
me,
as
not
taking
any
notice
of
my
several
Letters
sent
to
you
within
these
5
Years
past.
I
wish
I
was
a
penman
to
know
the
properest
form
of
drawing
-
a
Complaint
of
you
to
yourself,
for
without
any
Fault
you
seem
to
have
cast
me
out
of
the
happymaking
Books
of
your
Sublime
Memory.
I
suppose
you
think
I
am
poor,
if
so
I
can
tell
boldly
to
your
Ladyship
the
contrary,
I
am
as
rich
as
ever
with
Content
of
mind,
as
healthy
and
strong
at
the
Age
of
62
year,
as
when
at
25,
carrying
heavy
Louds
on
my
Shoulders
in
that
great
City
of
London.
Beleive
me
my
dear
Lady
the
Sentiment
of
noble
Gratitude
has
chained
me
down
to
be
so
humble,
otherwise
by
the
great
Providence
your
honest
Emin
can
snap
Fingers
at
the
Stars
and
bid
defience
to
the
Sun
and
Moon.
But
for
all
that
Boast
I
cannot
contain
myself
without
the
favour
of
your
happy-making
kind,
answer,
if
you
write
me
a
single
Line
only
ney
if
you
even
curse
me
I
shall
forget
all
my
past
Hardships,
and
rest
satisfied.
I
am
in
hopes
you
will
bless
me
at
last
when
you
come
to
consider,
for
you
Humanity
is
far
supperiour
to
my
Furiousness.
I
have
not
any
one
to
interpose
with
you
in
-
my
behalf,
but
your
own
compassioned
good
Heart
to
save
the
Anxiety
of
Mind,
and
keep
me
no
longer
deprived
from
that
most
valuable
and
singular
Favour.
I
have
the
Pleasure
to
acquaint
you
that
by
my
good
Friends
Persuasion
drawn
up
with
much
difficulty
in
2
years
and
half
the
Memoirs
of
my
Life
of
almost
40
years.
I
was
obliged
to
trust
it
to
the
Care
of
my
worthy
good
Friend
M
r
Thompson
(for
the
dearness
of
the
Press
in
this
Place)
to
present
it
to
the
Protection
of
M
r
Hastings
my
Calcutta
Patron
to
be
published
in
London
by
Subscription,
and
have
at
the
same
Time
remitted
a
sum
of
Money
to
be
paid
to
M
r
Thompson
to
defray
the
Expences
of
the
Press.
I
hop
your
Ladyship
as
well
as
your
Friends
will
condisend
to
subscribe
to
it.
My
gardian
Angel
Sir
William
Jones
has
been
so
good
as
to
correct
the
wrong
spelling
and
faulse
English
of
it.
Lady
Jones
and
several
Gentlemen
have
seen
it
and
approved
of
it.
I
mke
no
doubt
you
will
be
entertained
likewise
when
printed.
Had
not
I
been
encouraged
by
S
r
W
m
and
Lady
Jones,
I
should
never
had
undertaken
to
do
it,
the
style
is
plain
the
meanest
Capasity
may
read
and
understand
it.
Now
to
save
me
and
your
Ladyship
the
Trouble
M
r
Thompson
my
good
Friend
will
by
word
of
mouth
tell
the
whole
Situation
of
my
Life.
I
can
say
so
much,
that
I
am
not
so
poor
as
my
Friends
immagine,
which
is
the
only
reason
they
take
no
notice
of
my
Letters,
and
when
I
come
to
England
I
shall
not
hangue
upon
them
as
before
unless
they
invite
me
hundred
Times.
My
Son
Arshak
is
about
12
years
of
age,
I
wish
he
was
in
England
for
his
Education.
My
Wife
with
a
Son
and
two
Daughters
are
in
Julpha,
God
help
both
the
Christians
and
Mahomethans
in
Persia,
for
it
is
almost
depopulated
by
civil
Wars
ever
since
this
8
years
or
the
late
Carim
khan.
-
I
beg
ten
thousend
Pardon
for
giving
so
much
trouble
with
my
rough
long
Letter.
You
know
too
well
that
I
love
adore
and
esteem
your
Ladyship
as
Godess
of
Wisdom.
My
Unckle
my
Brother
and
Son
(here)
hearing
me
so
often
remebering
with
respectfullness
and
veneration
of
the
celebrated
M
rs
Montagues
Bennevolency
of
great
good
Heart
and
drinking
to
her
good
Health
every
day
at
dinner,
that
they
are
as
much
in
Concern
for
not
seeing
once
a
year
a
Letter
in
my
hands
from
her,
as
I
am.
They
join
with
me
to
send
their
sincere
Wishes
for
your
Ladyships
Health
&
Happyness.
And
remain
My
dear
Madam
Your
most
obedient
most
obliged
most
gratefull
&
dutyfull
humble
Servant
JOSEPH
EMIN.
Calcutta
15
th
January
1789
Compliments
of
the
season
to
your
Ladyship,
with
great
many
happy
new
years:
P.
S.
If
our
Old
venerable
Friend
Doctor
Monsey
is
living
pray
remember
me
kindly
to
him
once
more
adieu;
Be
pleased
to
look
over
the
inclosed
list
of
Letters,
and
a
Copy
of
proposals
for
the
subscription
of
Culcutta
Gentlemen.
To
the
most
celebrated
M
rs
MONTAGUE
LETTER
FROM
EDMUND
BURKE.
(From
Priors
Life
of
Edmund
Burke.
)
To
an
application
from
Emin
many
years
subsequent
to
this
period,
to
procure
for
him
some
situation
of
profit
in
India
Mr.
Burke
wrote
the
following
reply:
-
TO
YUSEPH
EMIN,
CALCUTTA.
My
dear
old
friend
Emin,
You
reproach
me
but
too
justly
for
not
having
regularly
answered
your
letters,
but
I
assure
you
that
neither
my
wife
nor
I
halve
forgot
you;
nor
has
my
son
been
left
unacquainted
with
our
regard
and
good
wishes
to
you;
so
that
he
begs
leave
to
be
ranked
among
your
old
friends,
though
you
could
only
know
him
in
his
infancy.
I
have
never
had
much
interest
in
India.
Lord
Clive
once
thought
himself
obliged
to
me
for
having
done
what
I
thought
an
act
of
justice
towards
him.
The
only
use
I
made
of
his
inclination
towards
me
was
to
get
him
to
recommend
you
to
some
military
promotion.
This
was
in
the
year
1772.
I
am
convinced
he
did
write
but
I
believe
he
was
far
from
well
with
the
people
then
in
power.
Since
that
time
none
of
those
who
governed
India,
either
abroad
or
at
home,
have
been
my
particular
friends.
Some,
perhaps,
have
been
ill-disposed
towards
me.
My
parliamentary
occupation
with
regard
to
India
was
naturally
not
very
pleasing
to
those,
the
faults
of
whose
government
it
fell
to
my
lot
to
reprehend.
My
friends
have
suffered;
I
have
not
gained.
I
shall,
however,
he
well
paid
for
a
great
deal
of
trouble
if
I
can
make
the
burden
of
the
English
government
over
the
people
of
India
a
little
more
tolerable
than
it
has
been.
As
for
you,
my
friend,
you
have
been
tossed
in
many
storms,
and
in
many
parts
of
the
world.
It
is
fit
that
your
declining
years
should
have
some
rest.
I
am
glad
you
have
sought
it
in
the
comforts
of
a
good
conscience,
and
the
domestic
satisfactions
of
a
good
father
of
a
family;
everything
else
is
but
show
without
substance.
There
are
many
changes
here
of
all
kinds
since
you
left
us.
The
Duke
of
Northumberland,
your
friend,
is
dead.
Mrs.
Montagu
is
still
alive,
and
when
I
see
her
I
shall
put
her
in
mind
of
you.
Many
changes,
too,
of
a
much
more
striking
nature
have
happened
since
you
and
I
first
became
acquainted.
Who
could
have
thought
the
day
I
first
saw
you
in
St.
Jamess
Park,
that
this
kingdom
would
rule
the
greater
part
of
India?
But
kingdoms
rise
and
pass
away-
emperors
are
captive
and
blinded
-
pedlars
become
emperors.
We
are
alive
however,
and
have,
I
hope,
sense
enough
to
derive
lessons
of
private
consolation
from
great
events.
They
do
not
always
teach
the
great,
for
whom
they
seem
to
be
made;
somebody
ought
to
profit
of
them.
You
have
attempted
great
things
on
noble
principles.
You
have
failed,
and
you
are
better
off
for
yourself
than
if
you
had
succeeded;
for
you
are
an
honest,
and
if
you
please,
a
happy
private
man.
Believe
me,
if
occasion
offers,
I
shall
not
forget
you.
My
son
and
Mrs.
Burke
desire
their
kindest
remembrance,
and
pray
believe
me
to
be,
with
great
esteem
and
affection,
my
worthy
old
friend,
Your
most
faithful
and
obedient
humble
servant
EDMUND
BURKE.
March
29.
1789.
EMIN
TO
MRS.
MONTAGU
[Original]
Aug.
15
1791
[Duplicate]
Nov.
12
1791
My
dearest
Madam.
O!
gracious
Heavens
how
happy
I
am
made
at
last
by
your
benevolent
Heart
after
thirty
years
absence
from
England,
seven
of
them
spent
in
Bengal,
the
Paradice
of
Europeans
and
after
writing
several
Letters
to
you
without
receiving
an
answer;
when
M
r
Redhead
unexpectedly
presented
me
with
two
of
your
Letters,
dated
2
d
and
24
th
of
Feb
y.
containing
a
draft
of
ten
Guineas;
I
return
you
my
grateful
thanks
for
not
forgeting
me
intirely,
but
I
wish
with
all
my
Heart
you
had
-
rather
committed
that
sum
to
my
good
Friend
M
r
Thompson,
who
has
the
superintendency
of
my
publication.
I
shall
be
unhappy
should
he
imagine
it
is
done
underhand
by
my
desire.
I
was
near
going
to
send
back
the
draft
without
receiveing
the
amount,
but
S
r
W
m
my
Gardian
angel
and
Lady
Jones
prevented
me,
lest
I
should
incur
your
displeasure.
My
Reason
for
daring
to
think
of
committing
that
Rashness,
or
for
putting
this
mad
mans
Head
in
danger,
(as
you
after
so
many
years
surprizingly
remember
the
oriantal
proverb
"that
a
brave
mans
Head
is
always
in
danger)
was
a
suspicion
from
the
Tenor
of
your
1
st
Letter,
that
you
remitted
the
money
for
Charity
sake,
but
in
the
second
you
call
it
a
Subscription.
I
beg
leave
to
assure
you
that
I
am
not
an
Abject,
but
thank
God
independent.
Should
the
fate
of
Destination
oblige
me
to
come
to
England
again
and
reduse
me
to
the
last
extremity,
I
will
rathar
die
than
pass
the
streets
where
the
Houses
of
my
Friends
be
unless
they
invite
me,
and
send
me
their
handsome
Chariots.
M
r
Thomson
has
500
rupees
of
mine,
which
is
fully
sufficient
to
pay
the
Expences
of
the
Work,
only
I
did
wrong
to
acquaint
any
of
my
Friends
with
the
price
of
Subscription.
If
you
had
made
no
objection
but
possessed
with
the
courage
of
a
Heroine
(as
is
writen
in
the
Rejister
book
of
my
Heart)
had
distinguished
your
dearself
most
nobly
and
singly
patronized
my
Work,
who
could
dare
to
stand
in
your
way,
or
hold
back
your
powerful
hand
from
it?
This
shews
plainly,
that
you
have
forgot
the
virtue
of
your
Authority
of
selling
and
buying
me,
which
you
might
have
exerted
to
bring
about
a
matter,
only
a
trifle
to
you.
When
M
r
Thompson
said
in
his
Letter,
"that
your
celebrated
patroness
M
rs
Montague,
in
most
express
Terms
dissuaded
me
from
publishing
your
Work
&c.
&c.
&c.
I
was
struck
with
astonishment
and
answered
him
in
a
few
words
to
publish
the
Work
at
any
rate,
and
trouble
no
one
of
Friends
to
become
a
Subscriber
to
it.
-
You
were
pleased
to
say
books
are
very
cheap
in
London,
I
know
that
before,
but
you
would
not
have
thought
mine
too
dear,
had
you
but
recollected
from
your
noble
memory
several
years
ago
the
drunken
Greek
man
and
his
Dromedary
with
two
Bunches
on
the
back
or
the
English
Giant
when
you
&
I
made
a
party
with
the
old
Late
Lord
Lytleton
to
go
and
see
the
monster
near
Charing
Cross,
whom
Gentlemen
and
Ladies
too
travelled
some
hundred
Miles
on
purpose
to
see,
and
satisfy
Curiosity.
If
Curiosity
would
lead
people
to
wander
so
far
for
trifles,
why
should
my
eventful
work
be
laid
a
side?;
because
it
was
a
little
dear,
be
rights
it
should
be
so,
for
being
brimfull
of
two
footed
savage
monsters,
among
whom
Emin
lived
more
safe
and
happy
than
among
his
Christian
Friends,
who
have
made
him
inconsolable
by
their
nonbecoming
Coolness,
in
not
answering
him
in
due
Time,
in
not
acomplishing
his
wishes
without
a
Cost
of
themselves,
meerly
for
the
satisfactions
of
Friends
in
this
new
eligant
City,
where
by
virtue
of
indifatigable
study
of
S
r
W
m
Jones
&
the
Arts
&
Sciences
may
florish,
which
have
already
began
to
shew
a
head,
&
to
shine
out.
He
is
an
honour
to
his
Country!
yes
he
is
the
glory
of
it.
I
wish
poor
Armenia
had
been
so
happy
as
is
India
and
to
have
been
taken
by
the
impartial
true
hearted
English
nation,
as
Britain
was
in
former
days
by
the
famous
ancient
Romans,
Saxons,
Danes
and
Normands;
when
each
of
these
powers
brought
and
introduced
some
wholesom
Laws
and
Customs,
and
enlightend
the
conquered
so
as
to
make
them
free,
&
indipendent.
Not
like
poor
Armenia
inslaved
by
fire-worshipers
(or
Persians)
by
rigid
a
rab
Mohometans,
&
by
savage
Tartars,
&
Lastly
robd
of
their
natural
Sences
by
the
Craft
of
holy
Eclisiastics.
I
am
proud
that
you
think
I
retain
my
English,
but
sorry
that
I
cannot
avoid
mixing
an
a
siatic
tincture
in
my
writing,
I
indeavour
much
to
naturalize
my
sentiments
to
the
English,
but
to
no
purpose,
I
am
like
a
pack-hors,
sureenough
(for
I
was
a
porter)
trying
to
copy
after
an
antilope,
I
find
I
forget
my
own
Gate;
for
it
is
not
very
easy
to
make
a
fierce-Tyger
to
become
as
tame
as
a
Lamb;
nature
is
a
great
obstacle,
and
its
power
undaunted
neither
Art
nor
skill
can
alter
it,
till
in
time
it
fals
in
pieces
and
turns
to
the
humble
dust
again.
-
As
a
Rational
being
I
dont
at
all
approve
of
our
late
Friend
Doctor
Monseys
whims,
for
giving
his
dead
body
to
be
quartered
and
hack
to
peices
like
the
bloodthirsty
Purtugues
Conspirators
in
Lisbon.
For
all
his
wit,
and
vivacity;
he
was
wrong
in
directing
in
his
last
Will
himself
to
be
handled
and
treated
in
so
indecent
a
manner.
I
am
apt
to
imagine
his
mind
was
not
fixed
upon
the
established
principles
of
the
Gospel,
forgeting
his
origin
&
not
observing
wisely,
whom,
he
was,
that
sent
him
into
this
Sublunary
World,
where
all
we
mortals
are
but
Travellers;
we
are
on
our
ways
driving
back
again
to
the
place
where
the
great
God
has
made
us
and
send
us
here
to
do
good
to
our
Fellow
Creatures,
&
to
shew
good
Examples.
According
to
King
Davids
Psalm
C.
100
v
3.
Know
ye
that
the
Lord
he
is
God,
it
is
he
that
hath
made
us,
and
not
we
ourselves,
we
are
his
People,
and
the
Sheep
of
his
Pasture.
My
Son
Arshak
is
hire
I
made
him
kiss
this
Letter
because
it
is
to
be
touched
by
your
good
Hands,
sends
his
best
respects
to
you
with
as
much
longing
as
is
his
old
Father,
he
is
above
14
years
of
age
understands
the
Armenian
the
Persian,
and
little
smattering
of
English,
he
must
see
old
England
and
have
his
Education
in
a
Gentleman
like
manner.
My
Wife
and
another
Son
with
two
Daugthers
are
in
that
miserable
Place
Ispahan.
I
shall
this
coming
Season
go
either
to
their
Assisstance,
or
to
take
my
son
with
me
to
England,
to
leave
him
there,
&
go
myself
over
Russia
to
bring
them
out
of
that
Country
to
some
other
parts
of
the
World
that
is
quiet,
and
in
peace.
Lord
Cornvallis
without
my
application
has
made
me
Invalid,
I
receive
91
rupies
a
Month
from
the
Company,
I
am
both
easy
and
Contented.
I
have
shewn
your
charming
Letters
to
S
r
W
m
and
Lady
Jones,
besides
several
of
my
Friends,
they
admired
much,
which
I
was
princely
proud
of.
In
return
I
trust
you
will
admire
mine,
&
shew
it
to
all
your
Bosom
Friends,
and
to
let
them
know
how
much
I
am
gratefull,
how
much
I
am
obliged
and
sensible,
that
you
have
not
forgotten
me
after
28
long
years,
and
have
the
Honour
to
be.
My
dearest
Madam,
Calcutta
1791.
August
15
Your
most
obidient
dutyfull
by
favour
of
Mr.
Redhead.
humble
servant
JOSEPH
EMIN.
This
part
is
the
answer
of
your
3
rd
Letter
dilivered
by
Doctor
Russell.
I
am
made
happy
again
by
your
3
d
Letter,
dated
17
th
march
1791,
the
Reiteration
of
the
death
of
all
my
Friends
is
strewing
Salt
upon
my
Wounds,
but
I
think
they
are
all
alive
in
you,
and
while
you
live
I
shall
not
feel
for
the
Loss
of
others.
There
are
still
some
remaining,
who
even
when
we
were
acquainted,
were
but
indifferent
ones.
It
is
Montague
alone,
that
knows
the
real
value
of
a
Man
not
they,
whose
Friendship
is
but
bubles
of
novalty
on
the
surface
of
Water,
which
in
an
Instance
is
no
more
(out
of
sight
out
of
mind)
I
am
at
a
Loss
how
to
express
my
Gratitude
for
your
being
so
benevolent
towards
me.
Your
taking
so
much
pains
to
comfort
me
at
such
a
great
distance,
makes
me
to
forget
all
my
past
misfortunes,
in
not
succeeding
in
my
honest
designs.
Tho:
I
am
advanced
to
64
years
and
some
months
like
old
Job,
I
am
become
young
again,
and
as
lively
as
25
years
of
age,
ready
to
fall
a
sacrafice
before
you.
I
dont
despair
yet
to
see
you
before
I
die.
I
rejoice
You
are
in
a
good
state
of
Health,
I
pray
God
to
continue
so
with
Happyness
to
the
inexpressible
satisfaction
of
JOSEPH
EMIN.
Calcutta
12
th
November
1791
by
Favour
of
Doctor
Russell
Per
Queen
Indiaman.
P.
S.
the
above
is
my
Son
Arshaks
own
hand
copied
from
the
original,
humbly
begs
to
be
remembered
with
his
utmost
Respect,
and
Adoration
to
you,
who
are
my
princess,
my
patroness,
and
my
best
of
Friends.
The
under
two
Line
extracted
by
him
------------------
from
Hafiz
of
Shiraz
&
written
by
him
------------------
shew
that
he
longs
as
much
to
see
you,
----------------------------
as
is
his
old
dady.
To
the
most
cellebrated
M
rs
E.
m
ontague.
MRS.
SCOTT
TO
MRS.
MONTAGU.
Letter
from
see
Emins
History
Mrs.
Scott
Mrs.
Montagus
sister.
I
am
afraid
my
Dearest
Sister
has
not
had
much
external
enjoyment
from
her
sejour
at
Shooters
hill,
the
weather
has
been
so
unfavourable,
never
did
a
Summer
bear
so
strong
a
resemblance
to
a
Winter
as
this
has
done,
but
if
the
elements
were
perverse,
the
society
woud
make
your
retreats
so
comfortable
&
pleasant
as
woud
compensate
for
the
churlishness
of
the
weather.
I
assure
you
I
read
with
much
pleasure
M
rs
Morgans
account
of
Sandleford
&
its
Owner,
Swift
says
that
when
a
writer
speaks
our
own
sentiments
we
declare
him
to
be
a
very
sensible
fellow;
no
doubt
it
is
the
sure
road
to
our
approbation.
The
fondness
I
have
for
Wales
also
made
me
accompany
her
thro
the
whole
of
her
tour
with
great
satisfaction,
tho
as
I
had
gone
almost
the
same
road
it
arose
more
from
the
pleasures
of
recollection
than
from
those
of
novelty,
but
in
some
parts
she
saw
things
I
had
missd,
&
on
the
contrary
in
others
I
had
the
advantage
of
her,
but
in
enthusiastic
admiration
of
the
Country
our
minds
were
a
good
deal
at
unison.
I
have
felt
myself
very
much
interested
in
Emins
life,
which
to
those
who
had
heard
less
of
him
might
in
many
parts
appear
incredible.
To
be
sure,
the
narrow
escapes
he
had
of
being
married
to
one
Princess
or
other
makes
one
smile,
as
by
what
I
have
heard
you
say
his
exterior
charms
were
not
very
alluring,
but
he
was
a
noble
Being,
&
perhaps
my
heart
aked
as
much
for
the
bad
treatment
he
received,
as
the
heart
of
any
of
his
Princesses.
Pray
how
long
did
he
live
after
the
conclusion
of
his
history
of
himself?
he
does
not
date
that
end
of
it.
Be
so
good
as
to
excuse
the
above
shameful
blot,
which
I
am
ashamd
to
send
you,
&
can
only
plead
in
my
excuse
the
stupidity
which
from
a
very
violent
cold
has
oppressed
me;
but
my
cold
is
abated
tho
I
can
not
say
so
much
for
my
stupidity.
I
should
have
thankd
you
for
your
letter
sooner,
if
a
report
of
an
intended
stip
of
Parliament
had
not
stopped
my
pen
till
I
coud
learn
with
certainty
how
I
might
safely
direct
my
letter,
&
I
am
very
glad
to
find
the
report
was
groundless;
it
appeard
to
me
incredible,
as
it
does
not
seem
that
we
coud
have
a
better
Parliament,
or
that
this
was
a
proper
season
to
make
the
experiment.
I
suppose
the
report
was
manufactured
by
the
Democratic
party.
Miss
Arnold
desires
her
best
respects.
Believe
me
my
Dearest
Sister
your
most
affect
te
&
Obligd
S.
SCOTT.
July
y
e
5
th
(
On
the
back
)
Mrs.
Montagu.
Portman-Square.
NOTES
ON
THE
SUBSCRIBERS.
Angelo,
Ducas.
A
Greek.
Mentioned
in
the
Sylhet
Records.
Barlow,
Sir
George
Hilaro
(1762-1847).
Revenue
Secretariat
88-96;
carried
out
Permanent
Settlement;
Supreme
Council
1801:
Provisional
Governor
after
Lord
Cornwallis;
Baronet
1803.
Bebb,
John.
Board
of
Trade,
Export
Warehouse
Keeper.
Bristow,
Mrs.
Née
Amelia
Wrangham.
Much
admired
in
Calcutta
society;
an
accomplished
actress,
having
her
own
private
theatre
in
Chowringhee.
The
first
to
introduce
representation
of
female
rôles
by
ladies
in
Calcutta.
John
Bristow,
her
husband,
a
friend
of
Philip
Francis,
was
Resident
of
Lucknow
1774,
superseded
1781,
reinstated
82,
died
in
Calcutta
1802.
They
were
married
"by
permission
of
the
Governor-General"
at
Chinsurah,
1782.
Brooke,
W.
A.
E.
I.
Co.
s
service.
In
1794
was
Julius
Imhoffs
superior
in
the
Court
of
Appeal
at
Calcutta,
seems
to
have
resided
at
Belvedere.
Died
at
Benares
1833,
in
the
81st
year
of
his
age,
after
56
years
of
Indian
service.
(Note
in
Archdeacon
Firmingers
reprint
of
Grands
"
Narrative.
")
Brown,
Rev.
David
and
Mrs.
Well-known
clergyman,
who
went
to
Calcutta
with
his
wife
in
1786;
was
connected
with
the
Old
Church
for
21
years;
10
years
Senior
Presidency
Chaplain;
1st
Provost
of
College
of
Fort
William,
1800.
Wrecked
in
the
Bay
of
Bengal
1812,
rescued
and
brought
to
Calcutta,
where
he
died
immediately.
Bruere,
William.
Secretary
in
the
Revenue
Department.
Campbell,
Robert.
One
of
this
name
was
a
merchant
and
agent
in
Calcutta,
mentioned
in
the
Bengal
Directory,
1797.
Campbell,
Alexander.
One
Alexander
Campbell
was
Secretary
to
the
Select
Committee,
Fort
William,
1766.
There
was
also,
later,
an
Alexander
Campbell,
indigo
manufacturer,
near
Mirzapore.
Chambers,
Sir
Robert
(1737-1803).
Second
Judge
of
Supreme
Court
1744;
knighted
78;
Chief
Justice
91;
retired
in,
99;
declined
a
peerage.
A
friend
of
Dr.
Johnson
and
of
Philip
Francis.
Had
three
garden-houses
in
Calcutta,
at
Chitpore,
Chowringhee,
and
Bhowanipore,
and
in
1780
bought
a
town
house
(now
part
of
No.
7)
to
the
east
of
No.
6
Hastings
St.,
which
had
formerly
been
occupied
by
Warren
Hastings.
(
Bengal
Past
and
Present.
)
Chambers,
Lady.
A
daughter
of
Joseph
Wilton,
Royal
Academician.
She
had,
with
Miss
Meyer,
sat
to
Joshua
Reynolds
for
his
Hebe.
Dr.
Johnson
wrote
of
her,
"Chambers
is
married,
or
almost
married,
to
Miss
Wilton,
a
girl
of
sixteen,
exquisitely
beautiful,
whom
he
has,
with
his
lawyers
tongue,
persuaded
to
take
her
chance
with
him
in
the
East.
"
(Bengal
Past
and
Present.
)
Chambers,
William,
brother
of
Sir
Robert,
"whose
knowledge
of
the
dialects
on
the
coast
of
Coromandel,
as
well
as
of
Persian
and
Arabic
literature,
was
critical
and
extensive,
and
his
least
praise.
"
One
of
the
earliest
translators
of
the
New
Testament
into
Persian,
"but
he
had
not
completed
half
of
the
Gospel
of
St.
Matthew,
when
it
pleased
Providence
to
call
him
out
of
this
life.
"
(Calcutta
Gazette.
)
Persian
Interpreter
to
the
Supreme
Court.
A
note
in
an
article
on
the
Old
or
Mission
Church
in
Bengal
Past
and
Present
says
that
William
Chambers
was
at
first
in
Madras.
He
came
to
Calcutta
in
1776.
"Being
of
an
artistic
and
scientific
turn
of
mind,
William
Chambers
designed
several
structural
improvements
in
the
Church,
of
which
the
old
circular
chancel
still
remains.
He
died
in
August,
1793.
"
Chambers,
Mrs.
William
Chambers
married
Miss
Charity
Fraser,
sister-in-law
of
Charles
Grant,
member
of
the
Board
of
Trade.
Archdeacon
Firminger
says
William
Chambers
had
a
house
on
the
south
side
of
the
old
Garden
Reach
Road.
Cheap,
George.
His
date
in
the
Bengal
Directory
is
1781,
and
he
is
not
traced
after
that.
Cherry,
George
Frederick
(1761-1799).
E.
I.
Co.
s
service,
I778;
Persian
Interpreter
to
Lord
Cornwallis;
Resident
at
Benares
1793;
murdered
there
by
Vizier
Ally.
"It
had
been
previously
intimated
to
Mr.
Cherry
that
his
(Vizier
Allys)
appearance
was
hostile,
and
that
he
ought
to
be
on
his
guard,
but
he
unfortunately
disobeyed
the
caution.
Vizier
Ally
made
many
complaints
of
the
Companys
treatment
of
him,
and
having
continued
his
strain
of
reproach
against
them
for
some
time,
he
finally
gave
the
dreadful
signal
to
his
attendants,
who
rushed
in
at
that
moment,
and
litterally
cut
Mr.
Cherry
to
pieces.
"
(
Asiatic
Journal.
Note
in
Archdeacon
Firmingers
reprint
of
Grands
"
Narrative.
")
Grand
speaks
of
him
as
"the
much
regretted
and
accomplished
Mr.
Cherry.
"
Collins,
Capt.
John.
E.
I.
Co.
s
Bengal
Infantry
1770;
Major
in
1794;
Resident
at
the
Court
of
Daulat
Rao
Sindhia,
1795-1803.
Resident
of
Lucknow
after
Mahratta
War;
died
there
in
1807;
called
"King"
Collins,
"cold,
imperious,
and
overbearing.
"
(
Dict.
of
Indian
Biography.
)
Cockerell,
Charles.
Postmaster
General
in
1785.
Baronet
in
1809;
a
member
of
the
firm
of
Cockerell,
Traill
and
Co.
in
Calcutta.
Archdeacon
Firminger
says
he
was
descended
from
Samuel
Pepys,
the
diarist.
Grand
mentions
"Cockerells
house
at
Belvedere.
"
His
son
took
the
name
of
Rushout,
instead
of
Cockerell.
Crommelin,
Mrs.
Crommelin,
C.
R.
Crommelin,
William.
In
Berhampore
lies
buried
Charles
Cromelin,
who
came
of
a
Huguenot
family,
and
died
in
1788,
aged
81.
He
was
Governor
of
Bombay
1760-1767.
His
grandson,
Charles
Russell
Crommelin,
was
Secretary
to
the
Bengal
Government
at
the
close
of
the
18th
century,
and
in
the
South
Park
Street
Cemetery,
Calcutta,
is
a
stone
inscribed
to
Mrs.
Juliana
Crommelin,
wife
of
C.
R.
Crommelin,
who
died
November
1795,
aged
25.
William
Crommelin
may
have
been
a
brother
of
Charles.
Davies,
Thomas
Henry.
Advocate
in
the
Supreme
Court.
In
1790
he
is
mentioned
in
the
Calcutta
Gazette,
in
a
list
of
those
present
at
a
"Public
Meeting,
"
as
Advocate
General.
An
admirer
of
Miss
Wrangham
(Mrs.
Bristow),
and
nicknamed
"Counsellor
Feeble"
by
Hicky
in
his
paper,
the
Bengal
Gazette
(
Echoes
of
Old
Calculta
),
amongst
others
for
whom
Hicky
had
various
kinds
of
nicknames.
Edmiston,
James.
In
the
E.
I.
Co.
s
service,
died
1807,
aged
40.
Eliot,
John.
Date
as
writer,
1781,
Revenue
Department
1793.
Judge
and
Magistrate
at
Tipperah.
In
1811
Offg
Judge
and
Magistrate
of
24
Pergunnahs,
Superintendent,
Alipore
Jail;
Magistrate,
suburbs
of
Calcutta,
died
1819
at
Fort
William.
Elliot,
George.
Date
as
writer
I781,
assistant
Revenue
Committee,
1783,
Deputy
Paymaster
General,
Paymaster
of
Extraordinaries
and
Companys
Allowances
to
Kings
Troops.
Paymaster
to
Artillery
Garrison
and
Ordnance.
Not
traced
after
1794.
Epitaph
in
Bengal
Past
and
Present,
vol.
viii.,
p.
212,
from
cemetery
at
Bhagalpore,
"Sacred
to
the
Memory
of
George
Elliot
Esqre.
Who
died
On
the
I7th
day
of
October,
In
the
year
of
Grace.
"
No
date
of
year.
Fleming,
John.
Appointed
Inspector
of
Drugs
and
Indigo,
June,
1793,
"in
the
room
of
Mr.
Lyon
Prager.
"
(Calcutta
Gazette.
)
Francklin,
Lieut.
William
(1763-1839).
Entered
the
Companys
Bengal
Infantry
1783.
Lt.
-Col.
1814,
retired
in
India
1825.
Travelled
in
Persia
1786.
Member
of
Asiatic
Society.
Wrote
History
of
the
reign
of
Shah
Aulam,
the
present
Emperor
of
Hindustan,
1798,
besides
many
other
works.
Died
in
India.
(
Dict.
of
Indian
Biography.
)
Garbrand,
C.
Not
traced.
Grant,
James.
Cousin
of
Charles
Grant
(for
whom
see
Dict.
Indian
Biography
).
In
the
E.
I.
Co.
s
service,
in
Bengal
I784-9;
Chief
Sarishtadar,
or
General
Superintendent
of
native
revenue
accounts
under
the
Board
of
Revenue
86.
Author
of
Finances
of
Bengal.
Gutherie,
Capt.
John.
In
Bengal
Past
and
Present,
vol.
ii.,
p.
427,
there
is
a
letter
written
by
John
Gutherie
describing
an
action
in
which
he
took
part,
fought
by
a
detachment
under
Col.
Nevil
Parker,
at
Korah,
about
twenty-five
miles
below
Cawnpore,
on
June
18,
I776,
against
the
forces
of
Mabub
Khan,
a
disaffected
officer
in
the
service
of
Nawab
Wazir,
in
order
to
gain
possession
of
nineteen
guns.
"There
is
took
seventeen
guns,
with
the
Tumbils
etc.,
etc.,
all
well
mounted
after
the
Europe
fashion,
and
very
handsome. . . . .
Their
force
was
5000
foot . . . .
1000
horse
and
about
600
Rocketmen,
Bravo.
Our
whole
force
was
1,
300
Sepoys
and
eight
guns.
STILL
MORE
BRAVO.
"
Hamilton,
George.
Only
one
reference
found
to
this
subscriber.
In
the
Calcutta
Gazette,
"A
Plan
for
a
Lottery
of
Estates
in
England,
June,
1791,
"
Eleven
Commissioners
were
appointed
for
conducting
the
lottery,
who
were
"to
hold
themselves
responsible
for
the
amount
of
the
tickets
and
for
remitting
the
same
to
London.
"
Of
these
eleven
George
Hamilton
is
one.
Harington,
John
Herbert.
Date
as
writer
I780,
Revenue
Department.
Held
successively
many
appointments
in
Bengal.
In
1825
Member
of
Supreme
Council
and
President,
Board
of
Trade.
In
1828
went
home
on
absentee
allowance
and
died
in
London,
April
1828.
In
1796
J.
H.
Harington
was
granted
a
pottah
for
a
parcel
of
land
measuring
9
biggahs,
5
cottas,
and
12
chittacks,
at
that
part
of
Chowringhee
called
Dhee
Birjee
and
Chowkeber.
In
1810
he
had
let
the
site
of
what
is
now
50
Theatre
Road,
with
"a
wall
in
the
middle,
"
to
Lieut.
Arthur
Dingwall-Fordyce,
and
was
residing
on
his
own
property
to
the
east
of
this
site,
where
the
Royal
Calcutta
Turf
Club
is
now
situated.
What
is
now
45
and
46
Chowringhee
is
mentioned
in
the
title
deeds
of
50
Theatre
Road
as
the
"property
of
the
Children
of
John
Herbert
Harington,
now
in
the
occupation
of
Eneas
Macintosh.
"
What
is
now
44
Chowringhee
was
then
the
property
of
Willoughby
and
George
Dacosta,
who
were
members
of
a
Portuguese
family
mentioned
in
Mrs.
Fays
"Letters.
"
J.
H.
Haringtons
land
extended
to
what
is
now
Harington
St.,
then
the
"Public
Road
leading
east
from
the
High
Road
from
Calcutta
to
Russa
Pugla,
to
Shorts
Bazar.
"
Hay,
Edward.
Secretary
to
Government.
Proprietor,
with
Jacob
Rider,
of
the
Bengal
Bank,
also
powder-maker.
At
the
New
Powder
Works,
eight
miles
below
Calcutta,
he
gave
a
farewell
dinner
to
his
friend,
Warren
Hastings,
on
the
day
of
the
latters
departure
from
Calcutta,
Feb.
1st,
1785.
(See
Archdeacon
Firmingers
Notes
on
Old
Calcutta.
)
Hyde,
Hon.
Mr.
Justice.
Puisne
Judge
in
Calcutta
1774.
One
of
the
magistrates
who
committed
Nuncomar
to
trial
for
forgery.
Passed
21
years
of
uninterrupted
service
as
Judge;
died
in
Calcutta,
1796.
In
Busteeds
Echoes
of
Old
Calcutta
it
is
stated
that
he
lived
in
a
house
on
the
site
of
the
present
Town
Hall
of
Calcutta,
for
which
he
paid
a
rent
of
Rs.
1,
2000
a
month.
A
notice
of
his
death
in
the
Calcutta
Gazette
is
concluded
in
the
following
terms.
"In
a
society,
scarcely
a
member
of
which
has
not
experienced
some
instance
of
animated
attention,
of
genuine
hospitality,
of
affectionate
kindness
or
of
considerate
and
prompt
benevolence,
it
would
be
equally
useless
and
impertinent
to
enter
into
a
laboured
detail
of
qualities
and
virtues
he
was
universally
acknowledged
to
possess.
We
all
feel
and
lament,
but
who
can
in
adequate
terms
describe
the
extent
of
our
loss!!!
"Tanto
nomini
nullum
par
eulogium!!!"
Mrs.
Hyde,
daughter
of
Lord
Francis
Seymour,
Dean
of
Wells,
after
her
return
to
England
married
in
1798,
her
cousin,
Mr.
John
Payne,
perhaps
the
"Mr.
Payne
of
the
Direction"
referred
to
by
Emin,
p.
100.
Kennaway,
Richard.
There
are
notices
in
the
Calcutta
Gazette
signed
by
him,
as
Import
Warehouse
Keeper
in
1788.
Probably
related
to
Sir
John
Kennaway,
as
the
latters
grandson,
son
of
John,
2nd
Baronet,
was
named
William
Richard.
(He
became
Judge
of
Futteypore,
and
died
in
1842.
)
Richard
Kennaway,
with
Henry
Vansittart,
was
executor
to
Robert
Palk,
whose
house
was
advertised
as
follows
-
To
be
let
and
entered
upon
immediately.
House
of
the
late
Robert
Palk
Esqre.,
to
the
South
of
the
Great
Tank,
now
in
the
occupation
of
Henry
Vansittart
Esqre.
For
particulars
please
to
inquire
of
Mr.
Vansittart
or
Mr.
Richard
Kennaway.
Kyd,
Major
(later
Lt.
-General)
Alexander.
The
heir
of
Col.
Robert
Kyd
(and
son
of
Capt.
James
Kyd,
R.
N.
);
died
1826.
Lacam,
Mr.
Benjamin.
Free
Merchant.
A
protégé
of
Philip
Francis
and
a
Calcutta
contractor.
Proposed
reclamation
of
Saugor
Island,
and
executed
docks
in
Calcutta.
In
1773
married
Miss
Kitty
Statham.
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Lacam
were
fellow-passengers
with
Philip
Francis
on
board
the
Fox,
November
1780,
(
Echoes
from
Old
Calcutta.
)
Law,
Thomas.
Younger
brother
of
Ewan
Law,
Chief
of
the
Provincial
Council
at
Patna.
Leith,
Sir
George,
Bart.
Has
only
come
down
to
posterity
as
a
society
man,
although
there
must
have
been
some
reason
for
his
presence
in
Calcutta
other
than
the
of
minuets!
The
"Ball
held
for
the
celebration
of
His
Majestys
birthday"
in
December,
I793,
was
"opened
by
Mrs.
Chapman
and
Sir
George
Leith"
(
Calcutta
Gazette
);
the
same
account
goes
on
to
say
"After
supper
country
dances
commenced
and
were
continued
with
great
spirit
till
four
oclock
n
the
morning,
and
we
observed,
with
much
pleasure,
for
the
first
time,
several
Armenian
ladies
and
gentlemen
joining
in
the
dance.
"
In
December,
1794,
at
a
"Ball
and
Supper
at
the
Theatre"
-
the
Governors
house
was
not
large
enough
for
these
festivities
-
"in
celebration
of
Her
Majestys
birthday,
the
minuets
began
at
half
after
8
oclock,
the
Ball
opened
with
the
two
following;
Mrs.
Morgan
and
Lieut.
Nangrave.
Mrs.
Chapman
and
Sir
George
Leith,
Bart.
"
A
series
of
eleven
minuets
followed,
of
which
Sir
George
Leith
danced
three.
Nothing
further
discoverable
about
this
gentleman.
Macan,
Turner.
Custom
Master.
His
name
appears
in
a
list,
headed
by
William
Burke,
of
the
names
of
the
gentlemen
who
circulated
a
card
calling
a
Public
Meeting
"for
the
purpose
of
considering
an
address
to
be
presented
to
the
Governor-General
previous
to
His
Lordships
departure
to
the
coast"
(Madras),
September,
1790.
Macan
was
one
of
the
jurors
who
tried
the
indictment
of
James
Augustus
Hicky
for
a
libel
on
Hastings
published
in
the
Bengal
Gazette,
March,
I781.
Mason,
Bryant.
Assistant
to
Commercial
Chief
at
Patna;
Deputy
Paymaster
to
Troops
at
Chunar,
1787;
Commercial
Resident
at
Rungpore,
Salt
Agent
at
Tumlook.
Resigned
1809;
lost
at
sea
on
board
ship
Calcutta,
1809.
Mavrody.
A
Greek
name.
Mackenzie,
Edward.
Not
traced.
Middleton,
Edmond
Pitts.
Revenue
Department
1783;
Commercial
Department,
Commercial
Resident,
Salt
Agent
24-Pergunnahs.
Died
1810,
and
buried
in
South
Park
St.
Cemetery.
Murray,
Colonel.
Adjutant
General.
Morris,
Capt.
James.
Not
traced.
Paniatty,
Mr.
Now
spelt
Panioty.
A
Greek
name,
well
known
in
Calcutta
up
to
the
present
day.
Parthenio,
Rev.
Mr.
The
Greek
priest.
The
original
of
the
head
of
Our
Lord
in
Zoffanys
picture
of
the
Last
Supper,
at
St.
Johns
Church,
Calcutta.
Prager,
Lyon.
Inspector
of
Drugs
and
Indigo.
In
1786,
the
Court
of
Directors
"permitted
Mr.
Lyon
Prager
to
proceed
to
Benares
and
reside
there
for
the
purpose
of
trading
in
Pearl,
Diamonds,
Diamond
Boart
and
other
precious
stones
in
order
to
afford
to
individuals
means
of
remitting
their
property
to
Europe
and
to
secure
to
the
Company
their
accustomed
dues.
"
(
Calcutta
Gazette.
)
Prince,
William.
Rocke,
Edward.
Not
traced.
Russell,
Claud.
A
Madras
Civilian,
sent
for
by
Lord
Clive
with
three
others
-
William
Aldersey,
Thomas
Kelsall,
and
Charles
Floyer,
in
1765,
to
supersede
certain
Civilians
in
Bengal
(one
of
whom
was
Richard
Barwell),
of
whose
conduct
the
Governor
disapproved.
He
was
Collector
and
Military
Paymaster
in
1770,
as
may
be
seen
from
a
letter
addressed
to
him
by
George
Vansittart,
brother
to
the
Governor,
Bengal
Past
and
Present.
vol.
vii.,
p.
50.
Claud
was
brother
to
Dr.
Patrick
Russell,
who
saw
Emin
at
Aleppo
(see
page
158),
and
wrote
a
letter
to
Lord
Northumberland
about
him.
Russell,
Dr.
Patrick
(1721-1805).
M.
D.
Edin.,
doctor
to
the
English
Factory
at
Aleppo,
1750-71.
Much
respected
there
and
granted
the
privilege
of
wearing
a
turban.
Studied
the
disease
of
plague
there
and
later
wrote
a
treatise
on
it.
Accompanied
Claud
Russell
to
Vizagapatam
in
1781.
Appointed
botanist
to
the
E.
I.
Co.
in
the
Carnatic:
wrote
on
Poisonous
Snakes
of
Coromandel
Coast;
etc.
etc.,
made
large
collections
of
plants,
fishes
and
reptiles.
Left
India
with
his
brother
in
1790.
According
to
Emin,
in
1791,
see
p.
496.
Shaw,
Edward.
Not
traced.
Taylor,
John.
There
were
two
others
of
the
same
name
at
a
previous
date
in
Bengal.
This
John
Taylor
seems
to
have
been
an
official
on
the
Board
of
Trade,
mentioned
by
Dr.
Busteed
in
Echoes
from
Old
Calcutta,
p.
196,
as
one
of
the
numerous
admirers
of
Amelia
Wrangham,
and
one
of
the
people
on
whom
the
editor
of
the
Bengal
Gazette
had
bestowed
nicknames,
and
alluded
to,
in
this
instance,
as
"J.
Durgee,
"
in
his
paper.
In
a
list
of
Europeans
(I783)
not
Covenanted
servants
of
the
Honble
Company,
residing
in
the
District
of
Rungpore,
"without
special
permission,
"
there
are
mentioned
Mr.
Daniel
Rausch,
German
agent
for
Mr.
Killican
at
Gowalpara,
and
Mr.
John
Taylor,
agent
for
Mr.
Daniel
Rausch
at
Mogulhaut.
Tucker,
Henry
St.
George
(1771-1851).
Went
to
Calcutta
as
a
midshipman
in
1786,
became
Secretary
to
Sir
W.
Jones
in
1790;
Captain
of
Volunteer
Cavalry
Corps.
Military
Secretary
to
Lord
Wellesley
1799;
Accountant
General
1801
and
1805;
Member
of
Board
of
Revenue
1808;
Chief
Secretary
1814;
Left
India
I815;
Director
of
E.
I.
Co.
and
later
Chairman
of
the
Court
(
Dict.
of
Indian
Biography
).
Wright,
Alexander.
Captain
in
the
E.
I.
Co.
s
service.
Father
of
the
distinguished
orientalist,
William
Wright.
NOTES
ON
ARENIANS,
SUBSCRIBERS
AND
OTHERS.
Arakiel,
Moses
Catchick.
In
1802
wrote
a
letter
to
someone
in
Calcutta,
which
was
later
published
in
the
Armenian
Calendar
for
1816,
as
follows:
Sir,
I
have
the
pleasure
to
give
you
such
an
account
of
the
Armenian
inhabitants
of
Calcutta,
as
I
can
confidently
assert
to
be
exact.
I
myself
was
born
in
the
Metropolis,
and
what
I
am
about
to
write
is
the
Collective
information
from
the
oldest
Armenians
now
living
there.
The
Armenians
settled
in
this
country
upwards
of
150
years
ago,
and
I
feel
a
pride,
in
adding
they
have
always
been
faithful
subjects
to
the
English
Government,
by
referring
to
Bolts
you
will
find
that
my
Great
Grand
Father
Phanoos
Calender,
was
in
consequence
of
his
confidential
service
to
the
English
honoured
with
several
privilege
and
public
rights
from
Government.
Shortly
after
the
establishment
of
Calcutta
by
the
English,
the
Armenians
settled
amongst
them,
and
erected
a
small
Chapel
in
the
China
Bazar
where
Mr.
Joseph
Emins
House
now
stands.
The
site
of
the
present
Armenian
Church
was
at
that
time
their
burying
ground
in
which
there
are
tomb
stones
dated
80
years
back
and
consequently
older
than
the
present
Church.
The
Armenian
Church
was
built
in
the
year
1724
by
one
Aga
Nazar,
and
the
Steeple
was
added
in
1734
by
one
Manuel
Hazarmall,
the
expence
attending
which
was
defrayed
with
a
sum
appropriated
for
the
purpose
by
his
father
Hazarmall
Chatoor.
The
Architect
Gevond
was
an
Armenian
from
Persia.
No
material
alteration
was
made
in
the
Armenian
Church
from
the
above
period
until
the
year
1790,
when
my
deceased
father
Catchick
Arakel
embellished
the
Church
inside,
presented
the
Clock,
added
the
houses
for
the
clergy,
and
built
the
surrounding
walls.
The
Church
now
goes
by
the
name
of
Saint
Nazareths
Church
in
honour
of
the
founder.
The
Church
at
Chinsurah
is
the
oldest
that
the
Armenians
have
in
this
country,
it
was
erected
in
1695
and
dedicated
to
Saint
John.
I
am,
Sir
Your
Most
Obedient
MOSES
C.
ARAKEL.
CALCUTTA
March
25th
1802
Timber
Chapel
of
the
Armenians.
On
the
east
side
of
China
Bazar,
a
little
to
the
south
of
the
present
churchyard
of
the
Armenian
Church,
there
is
a
small
open
space
whence
two
narrow
lanes
diverge,
the
one,
Hammam
"Gully"
-
or
Lane
-
running
eastward,
the
other,
Old
China
Bazar
Lane,
northward,
ending
in
a
small
door
opening
into
the
Churchyard.
The
house
in
China
Bazar
at
the
corner
of
Hammam
"Gully"
is
the
one
referred
to
as
"Mr.
Emins
house.
"
Behind
it
is
the
old
hammam,
or
Turkish
bath,
formerly
used
by
the
Armenians,
now
an
outhouse.
The
open
space
whence
the
lanes
diverge
is
the
site
of
the
old
timber
chapel,
and
there
are
said
to
be
graves
under
the
surrounding
houses.
In
Mr.
Mesrovb
Seths
History
of
Armenians
in
India,
he
quotes
the
permission,
amongst
other
privileges,
that
the
Armenians
received
from
the
E.
I.
Co.,
embodied
in
a
Charter
dated
June
22,
1688,
to
erect
a
church
wherever
forty
or
more
of
their
nationality
should
become
inhabitants
of
garrison
cities.
It
was
to
be
built
of
timber
(at
the
charge
of
the
Company),
which
afterwards
the
Armenians
"could
alter
and
build
with
a
stone.
"
Fifty
pounds
per
annum
were
allowed
them
by
the
Company
for
the
space
of
seven
years
for
the
maintenance
of
a
priest
of
their
own
persuasion.
Name
of
the
Church.
There
is
no
Saint
Nazareth,
any
more
than
there
is
a
Saint
Bethlehem
-
or
Saint
Jerusalem
for
that
matter
-
in
the
Armenian
hagiology,
and
the
founder
of
the
church
(doubtless
a
worthy
person,
but
no
Saint)
was
a
man
called
Aga
Nazar
(Nazareth).
Nazar
and
Bethlehem
are
proper
names
frequently
occurring
amongst
Armenians.
The
original
and
the
present
name
of
the
church
is
Nazareths
Holy
Armenian
Church.
The
Armenian
word
êáõñբ
Surp,
which
signifies
holy,
is
also
used
as
an
equivalent
to
the
word
Saint.
The
Virgin
Mary
is
called
the
Holy
Virgin;
the
Saints
John,
Matthew,
Peter,
and
others
are
spoken
of
as
Holy
John,
Holy
Matthew,
and
so
on.
And
there
is
no
other
word
for
"Saint"
apart
from
the
word
Surp,
or
holy.
All
Armenian
Churches
are
called
holy,
and
they
are
so
accounted
in
a
very
special
sense
for
many
reasons,
beginning
with
all
the
various
ceremonies
which
take
place
at
the
laying
of
the
foundation
stones,
when
twelve
stones,
blessed
and
inscribed
with
the
names
of
apostles
and
evangelists,
are
laid
in
the
foundations
of
the
walls.
The
name
of
the
founder,
being
identical
with
that
of
a
holy
place,
was
quite
suitably
connected
with
the
church
in
commemoration
of
the
man
himself,
and
the
building
could
not
have
been
dedicated
to
any
mythical
saint.
The
mistake
made
in
English,
up
to
the
present
day,
in
speaking
of
the
Church
as
St.
Nazareths
Church,
has
arisen
from
the
synonymity
of
the
Armenian
word
used
for
holy
and
for
Saint.
It
would
have
been
better
to
have
called
it
the
Church
of
Holy
Nazareth,
but
the
original
correct
Armenian
designation
is
as
stated,
Nazareths
Holy
Armenian
Church.
There
were
originally
only
two
gates
to
the
churchyard,
the
north
gate
and
the
southern
gate.
The
west
gate,
on
China
Bazar,
was
of
later
construction,
and
above
it
is
placed
an
inscription
in
brass
letters,
which
is
sufficient
to
show
that
there
is
no
"Saint"
involved.
It
runs
as
follows,
and
clearly
refers
to
the
Church
itself.
Holy
Nazareth,
our
mother
kind,
with
outstretched
arms
wide
openeth
Her
holy
bosom
for
her
sons,
to
nourish
them
with
milk
of
grace.
Davit
Marcar
Sheriman,
Dionysius
Herapeet,
Nicholas
Malkas,
John
Owen
Petruse,
Dan.
Raphael
Baboum,
Sarkies
Ter
Johannes,
Satur
Muradkaun,
Shamir
Sultanum,
Mirza
Stephanus,
John
Visken,
are
Armenian
names,
several
being
merchants
on
the
Bengal
Establishment.
The
Armenians
seem
to
have
been
a
loyal
and
influential
body
of
men
at
that
time.
In
Bengal
Past
and
Present,
vol.
ix.,
Part
ii.,
is
reprinted
a
Rare
Pamphlet,
by
a
Gentleman
Resident
in
Calcutta,
entitled
a
Narrative
of
Facts
leading
to
the
Trials
of
Maha
Raja
Nundocomar
and
Thomas
Fowke.
The
Pamphlet
was
originally
printed
in
London,
in
1776.
It
includes
Addresses
of
the
Grand
Jury,
European,
and
Armenian
Inhabitants
of
Calcutta,
to
the
Chief
Justice,
Sir
Elijah
Impey,
and
the
other
Judges
of
the
Supreme
Court,
with
their
replies.
The
following
is
the
address
presented
by
the
Armenians.
My
Lords,
We,
the
Armenians,
inhabitants
of
Calcutta,
in
full
conviction
of
many
salutary
effects
already
resulting
from
the
administration
of
English
laws
in
this
Settlement,
and
in
certain
expectation
of
still
more
advantageous
consequences,
beg
leave
to
express
our
warmest
sentiments
of
gratitude
to
that
power
by
whose
interposition
they
were
introduced,
and
to
those
hands
by
which
we
see
them
so
impartially
executed.
Ever
mindful
of
the
abilities
and
of
the
candour
displayed
by
all
the
Members
of
the
Bench,
we
think
it
our
duty
to
signify
our
thankful
sense
of
them
to
you,
as
the
President,
and
through
you
to
the
rest
of
your
Brethren,
who,
as
they
have
uniformly
exerted
themselves
for
the
public
good,
are
also
intitled
to
a
share
in
our
respectful
acknowledgements.
We
must
confess
our
fears,
upon
the
introduction
of
English
laws
into
this
country,
to
have
been
neither
light
not
groundless.
Where
our
fortunes,
our
lives,
our
honour,
and
our
religion
might
be
at
stake,
we
could
not
but
shudder
at
the
consequences
of
justice
distributed
in
an
unknown
language,
and
upon
principles
of
which
we
were
totally
ignorant.
-
It
is
to
you,
my
lord,
that
we
owe
this
obligation,
not
only
of
a
release
from
these
terrors,
but
of
a
comfort
and
satisfaction
proportionably
more
solid,
as
our
causes
of
uneasiness
had
been
substantial.
We
are
now
convinced,
that
Chicanery,
Subornation
of
evidence,
perjury
and
forgery,
will
never
by
any
particularity
of
circumstance,
or
exertion
of
influence,
escape
with
impunity;
and
the
severe
warnings
which
have
been
given
to
all
offences
so
injurious
to
society,
are
most
ample
pledges
for
the
protection
of
the
peaceable
subject
in
his
property,
his
person
and
his
reputation.
We
are
also
told,
that
by
your
timely
interposition,
an
attempt
to
introduce
blank
warrants
for
summoning
any
persons
from
all
parts
of
the
provinces,
has
been
most
effectual
precluded.
By
this
step
your
lordship
has
probably
rescued
an
extensive
kingdom
from
absolute
destruction:
for
what
man,
independent
either
in
his
fortunes
or
his
principles,
would
have
resided
one
moment
in
a
country
where
he
was
perpetually
liable
to
be
harassed
by
vexatious
and
expensive
journies,
and
by
a
painful
attendance
upon
a
Court
of
Justice,
at
the
folly,
the
pique,
or
the
caprice
of
every
litigeous
individual?We
now
experience
within
the
space
of
a
few
months
a
total
removal
of
every
serious
solicitude,
and
the
most
comfortable
assurances
of
security
in
the
possession
of
all
we
hold
valuable,
in
these
striking
specimens
of
the
excellence
of
the
British
Law,
and
the
impartiality
of
its
administrators.
-
We
are
therefore
very
earnest
in
our
wishes,
that
its
salutary
influence
may
be
yet
wider
extended,
and
its
establishment,
(if
possible)
more
effectually
secured.
Calculated
as
it
is
for
a
people
whose
climate,
whose
religion,
manners,
and
dispositions,
differ
totally
from
those
of
India,
there
must
necessarily
be
many
parts
of
it
which
materially
clash
with
our
sentiments
and
our
prejudices,
though
we
have
the
most
exalted
opinion
of
its
general
advantages.
Give
us
leave
then,
my
lord,
to
hope,
that
it
may
hereafter
be
so
modified
and
blended
with
the
immediately
national
and
constitutional
peculiarities
of
this
country,
as
to
leave
us
no
possibility
of
apprehension
from
its
most
extensive
exertion,
or
excuse
for
undervaluing
the
obligations
we
receive
from
it;
-
that
so
our
gratitude
may
be
still
more
warmly
excited
towards
our
Most
Gracious
Monarch,
who
in
this
first
exercise
of
his
authority
has
given
us
so
wonderful
an
instance
of
the
wisdom
of
his
government,
and
so
respectable
a
representative
of
the
British
Legislature.
We
most
heartily
unite
in
wishing
that
your
lordship
may
long
continue
to
preside
in
that
Court
from
whence
all
our
future
security
is
to
be
derived;
and
that
we
may
have
the
satisfaction
of
knowing,
that
our
fortunes,
our
lives,
and
our
reputations,
equally
unexposed
to
attacks
of
private
artifices,
and
the
fluctuation
of
arbitrary
authority,
stand
inviolate
upon
the
unalterable
principles
of
equity.
Petrus
Arratoon. |
David
Stephen. |
Minas
Elias. |
John
Mellickrat. |
Owen
John
Thomas. |
Jacob
Martinus. |
Joseph
Emin. |
Arratoon
Sarkes. |
Zachariah
Caldar. |
Gregory
Simon. |
Gabriel
Johannes. |
Sarkees
Johannes. |
Carapiet
Thomas. |
Vissent
Gregory. |
Catchatoor
Owen
John. |
Stephan
Mirza. |
Astwasatoor
Gregory. |
Astwasattoor
Gregore. |
Arratoon
Johannes. |
Arrakeel
Anton. |
Phanees
Bogram. |
Thorous
Gregory. |
Gregory
Sarkees. |
Cachik
Sarkees. |
Abraham
Pogose. |
Petrus
Isacc. |
Mattacky
Michael. |
Satter
Morraud
Cawn. |
Cachick
Arrakeel. |
Arratoon
Petrus. |
Malcas
Isacc. |
Baban
Phanes. |
Suttoos
Elias. |
Michal
Agabab. |
Parsick
Carapiet. |
Moses
Joseph. |
Arratoon
Petrus. |
Avidick
Jacob. |
Lazar
Moorraud
Cawn. |
Petrus
Avidick. |
Aviet
Astwasattoor. |
Cachatoor
Isacc. |
Phanees
Jacob. |
ANSWER.
Gentlemen,
It
is
by
no
means
surprizing,
understanding
as
you
did,
that
new
laws
were
to
be
introduced
among
you,
formed
to
rule
a
nation
differing
so
wide
in
climate,
manners
and
religion,
from
you,
that
you
should
take
an
alarm.
It
will
be
with
the
highest
Satisfaction
I
am
enabled
to
acquaint
his
Majesty,
through
his
Ministers,
with
what
cheerfulness
you
submit
to
his
laws,
and
with
what
gratitude
you
acknowledge
his
royal
care,
extended
to
these
regions
so
remote
from
the
seat
of
his
empire,
and
with
what
"warmth
you
wish,
that
the
salutary
influence
of
his
laws
may
be
yet
wider
extended,
and
their
establishment
if
possible,
more
effectually
secured.
"
I
will
likewise
most
faithfully
transmit
your
hopes
that
the
laws
may
hereafter
be
modified
and
blended
with
the
immediate
national
and
constitutional
peculiarities
of
this
country.
We
enjoy
great
happiness
from
finding
that
our
administration
of
those
laws
has
tended
to
remove
the
prejudices
which
you
so
naturally
entertained;
and
it
rejoices
me
to
have
it
in
my
power
to
inform
you,
that
the
same
gracious
wisdom
and
goodness
that
prompted
his
Majesty
to
extend
the
benefit
of
his
laws
to
this
country,
has
prescribed
to
us
by
his
Royal
Charter,
in
what
manner
and
how
far
we
are
to
introduce
them,
thereby
providentially
guarding
against
any
inconvenience
that
might
arise
from
a
promiscuous
and
general
introduction
of
them.
The
principles
of
laws
relating
to
property
are
universal.
To
give
to
every
man
what
is
his
due,
is
the
foundation
of
law
in
all
countries
and
in
all
climates;
it
is
a
maxim
that
must
be
acknowledged
by
men
of
all
religions
and
persuasions.
Religion,
custom,
and
prejudice,
do
indeed
make
the
same
act
criminal,
or
more
or
less
so,
in
one
country
than
in
another.
But
his
Majesty
has
already
most
graciously
consulted
your
religion
and
customs,
and
the
climates
which
you
inhabit,
and
has
with
most
fatherly
tenderness
indulged
even
your
prejudices;
it
is
his
royal
pleasure
that
only
such
of
his
laws
shall
be
enforced
as
are
conformable
to
your
customs,
climate,
prejudices
and
religion.
We
cannot
but
be
sensibly
affected
by
this
public
approbation
of
our
conduct
given
unanimously
by
so
opulent,
so
respectable,
and
so
independent
a
body
of
men,
as
the
Armenians
resident
in
this
town.
Did
our
consciences
not
co-operate
with
that
approbation,
we
should
feel
these
expressions
of
your
sentiments
as
censures,
not
praises.
We
are
confident,
that
if
the
laws
of
England
are
honestly
and
conscientiously
administered,
you
cannot
be
disappointed
in
the
effects
which
you
so
sanguinely,
expect
from
them;
and
we
pledge
ourselves,
that
it
shall
be
our
constant
study
to
administer
them
in
such
manner
that
you
may
derive
from
them
the
greatest
benefit
and
the
fullest
protection
which
they
are
capable
of
bestowing.
Further
on
in
the
Pamphlet
it
is
stated
that
the
"Export
Trades
in
Raw
Silk
to
Bombay
and
Surat,
"
etc.,
etc.,
is
"carried
on
and
the
returns
made
in
ships
and
vessels
belonging
to
the
English
Merchants.
The
principal
freighters,
and
almost
the
only
importers
of
money
into
the
Kingdom,
are
the
Armenians
and
the
owners
above-mentioned,
and
without
which
the
territorial
revenue
of
the
Kingdom
would
be
difficult
to
collect . . . .
the
greatest
part
of
the
foreign
trade
of
this
kingdom
is
managed
by
the
above
mentioned
bodies
of
men;
and
except
a
little
silver
imported
by
the
Dutch
and
the
French,
the
only
resource
for
keeping
up
the
currency
of
this
country
lies
in
the
honest
industry,
integrity
and
perseverance
of
the
English
and
Armenian
independent
merchants
residing
in
Calcutta.
The
trade
of
the
port
has
increased
in
a
duplicate
proportion
within
these
three
years,
as
may
be
proved
by
the
Custom-House
books.
"Next
to
that
from
the
European
Merchants,
stands
the
Address
of
the
Armenians;
a
very
rich
body
of
people,
whose
extensive
dealings
and
universal
correspondence
make
them
particularly
useful
in
this
country.
It
has
ever
been
thought
a
wise
maxim,
by
the
ruling
Princes
in
the
East,
to
give
them
every
encouragement
and
protection
in
their
dominions.
They
also
have
confined
the
signatures
of
their
Address
to
the
principal
men
of
their
Cast
residing
in
Calcutta.
"
From
a
publication
called
"Indian
Recreations,
"
printed
in
Edinburgh
in
1803,
and
reproduced
in
the
Armenian
Calendar
for
1818.
"The
Armenians
are
the
most
respectable
and
perhaps
the
most
numerous
body
of
foreign
merchants
in
this
Capital.
They
carry
on
an
extensive
trade
from
China
and
most
of
the
sea
ports
to
the
Eastward
and
to
the
West,
as
far
as
the
Persian
gulph.
Their
information
from
all
these
different
quarters
is
deemed
the
most
accurate
and
minute
of
any
body
of
men
in
their
profession.
They
are
attentive,
regular
and
diligent
in
business;
and
never
think
of
departing
from
their
lives
and
indulging
in
dissipation,
even
after
a
competency
has
been
acquired.
Their
houses
are
therefore
of
old
Standing,
and
many
of
them
are
possessed
of
large
Capitals,
as
subjects
they
are
perhaps
the
most
peaceable
and
Loyal
to
be
found
in
any
country,
as
members
of
Society
they
are
polite
and
inoffensive.
When
the
convalescence
of
his
majesty,
after
a
severe
indisposition,
was
publicly
notified
in
Calcutta,
a
general
expression
of
joy
was
made
by
all
the
inhabitants.
But
the
most
conspicuous
and
brilliant
illuminations
were
displayed
by
an
Armenian
merchant
by
the
name
of
Cachick
Arakel,
because
accompanied
by
an
act
of
Charity.
His
Loyalty
did
not
escape
the
notice
of
Lord
Cornwallis
who
on
interrogating
him
what
particular
interest
he
felt
in
the
life
of
his
Brittanic
Majesty
received
this
reply.
"I
have,
my
lord,
lived
under
his
Government
for
near
thirty
years,
it
has
never
injured
me
but
on
the
contrary
always
afforded
its
protection,
and
this,
with
industry
has
enabled
me
to
accumulate
a
very
plentiful
fortune.
"
This
speech
is
not
perhaps
the
most
eloquent;
but
I
confess
that
to
me
it
has
conveyed
a
more
advantageous
Idea
of
his
understanding
than
if
he
had
composed
Volumes
of
our
political
Sophistry.
"When
these
circumstances
were
reported
to
his
majesty
by
the
Governor
General
Mr.
Cachick
Arakel
was
presented
with
the
miniature
of
his
sovereign
which
he
continued
to
wear
till
his
death,
and
his
son
now
wears
it
in
honour
of
his
family.
Some
of
the
more
respectable
Armenians
are
commonly
invited
to
public
balls
and
entertainments
given
in
Calcutta
where
they
invariably
behave
with
all
that
decorum
and
correctness
which
a
knowledge
of
mankind
generally
produces.
A
few
priests
of
their
persuasion
are
maintained
by
them,
not
only
in
affluence
but
in
some
degree
of
splendor.
In
their
fondness
for
Show
and
elegance
the
Armenians
approach
nearer
the
English
than
any
merchants
here,
they
are
however
more
guarded
in
their
expense,
for
they
are
seldom
seen
displaying
their
equipage
till
they
are
fully
able
to
defray
its
charge.
"
The
foregoing
extracts
testify
to
the
part
taken
by
Armenians
in
developing
the
trade
of
Calcutta,
and
the
position
they
held
amongst
the
inhabitants
of
this
city
during
the
latter
half
of
the
18th
century,
although
the
extraordinary
privileges
conferred
on
them
by
the
Court
of
Directors
of
the
E.
I.
Co.
in
the
charters
of
June
22,
1688,
can
scarcely
be
considered
as
in
full
force
at
this
period,
a
century
later.
These
charters
had
been
granted
partly
in
recognition
of
the
great
services
rendered
by
the
Armenians
to
the
English
(for
an
account
of
which
see
Mesrovb
Seths
History
of
Armenians
in
India
),
when
they
were
first
establishing
themselves
in
Calcutta,
and
partly
for
the
encouragement
of
trade.
"And
whereas
the
said
Armenians
use
to
drive
a
great
trade
from
India
to
Turkey
overland,
by
way
of
Persia
and
Arabia,
and
are
now
desirous
to
drive
that
whole
trade
by
the
way
of
England,
it
is
hereby
agreed
and
declared
that
the
said
Armenians
have
liberty
to
send
upon
any
of
the
Companys
ships
for
England
any
sorts
of
goods
of
East
India,
consigning
them
to
the
Company
by
true
invoices
and
bills
of
loading
and
not
otherwise,
paying
ten
per
cent
commission
on
the
value
of
the
said
goods
in
London,
besides
the
same
freight
as
we
ourselves
pay.
"
The
Charters
even
went
so
far
as
to
say
"That
we
will
not
continue
any
Governor
in
our
service
that
shall
in
any
kind
disturb
or
discountenance
them
in
the
full
enjoyment
of
all
the
privileges
hereby
granted
to
them,
neither
shall
they
pay
any
other
or
greater
duty
in
India
than
the
Companys
Factors,
or
any
other
Englishmen
born,
do,
or
ought
to
do.
"
-
In
short,
the
charters
provided
that,
in
all
respects,
Armenians
should
be
treated
in
the
same
way
as
Englishmen
born.
Such
favoured
treatment,
obviously,
could
hardly
be
expected
always
to
continue
unchallenged,
and
in
the
Decisions
of
the
Supreme
Court
of
Judicature
of
Fort
William
in
Bengal,
from
the
date
of
the
Charter
of
1774
to
1841,
with
notes
by
T.
C.
Morton,
1854
(2nd
ed.
),
there
will
be
found
the
following,
taken
from
Bolts
Considerations
on
Indian
Affairs.
"With
reference
to
the
above
documents
(the
charters)
the
following
remarks
were
addressed
by
the
Companys
solicitor
Mr.
Nuthall,
to
his
employers,
in
May
1772;
when
the
position
of
the
Armenians
in
the
Companys
territories
was
the
subject
of
debate
in
the
House
of
Commons.
1st.
It
is
no
treaty,
or
contract,
the
Armenians
are
not
parties
to
it
consequently
are
not
bound
by
it.
It
is
nothing
more
than
a
set
of
orders
or
regulations
issued
by
the
old
East
India
Company
for
the
purpose
of
encouraging
the
Armenians
to
employ
the
Companys
ships
in
trade
under
particular
duties
and
freight
therein
specified.
2ndly.
It
does
not
appear
from
any
of
the
India
Companys
records,
that
the
Armenians
ever
acted
under
this
grant,
or
ever
claimed
the
privileges
or
immunities
therein
mentioned,
from
1688
to
this
time:
or
ever
consigned
to
the
Company
their
goods
from
India
to
the
Turkey
trade,
or
otherwise,
as
was
the
plain
intention
of
the
instrument.
3rdly.
But
admitting
this
to
be
an
agreement
binding
on
the
old
Company,
and
that
there
is
evidence
of
its
being
put
in
execution,
can
it
be
insisted
upon,
that
after
the
surrender
of
the
old
Companys
charter
and
all
their
powers,
the
present
East
India
Company,
who
derive
their
rights
under
a
different
charter,
is
concluded
by
it,
or
bound
to
perform,
or
acquiesce
in
it?
It
might
as
well
be
urged
that
the
bye-laws
and
resolutions
of
the
old
Company
were
binding
on
the
new
Company;
there
is
no
act
of
Parliament,
or
Charter,
that
warrants
any
such
position.
"
-
Mr.
Sayer,
the
Standing
Counsel
of
the
Company,
subscribed
to
Mr.
Nuthalls
remarks,
and
said
of
them
"that
they
effectually
put
an
end
to
all
pretended
treaties
with
the
Armenians
in
the
year
1688.
"
These
opinions
on
trading
according
to
the
Charters,
pronounced
in
England,
do
not
seem
however
to
have
affected
the
position
of
Armenians
in
Calcutta
as
British
subjects.
Mr.
Justice
Chambers,
in
his
notes
(Aug.
21,
1788)
upon
a
case
regarding
the
estate
of
an
Armenian
dying
out
of
Calcutta,
says
" . . . . .
yet,
it
seems
reasonable
to
give
so
much
latitude
of
construction
to
the
words
British
subjects
dying
within
the
provinces,
as
to
include
a
class
of
Christians
who
are
strangers
and
foreigners
here,
and
who
consider
themselves,
whether
they
live
in
the
town
of
Calcutta
or
out
of
it,
as
residing
under
the
protection
of
the
British
Government,
and
not
of
the
Subahdar . . . . . .
A
further
argument
in
favour
of
this
practice
may
be
drawn
from
a
deed
poll
under
the
Companys
seal
(
a
)
executed
in
London
A.
D.
1688,
by
which
Armenians
are
permitted
to
live
in
any
of
the
Companys
towns,
and
to
sell
and
purchase
houses
and
land
and
to
be
capable
of
all
civil
offices,
as
if
they
were
Englishmen
born.
"
In
one
respect
they
were
far
more
favourably
situated
than
Englishmen
born,
for
their
country
was
nearer,
Armenian
women
travelled
to
India,
and
they
were
able
to
marry
women
of
their
own
race
and
religion,
which
was
not
the
case
with
many
Englishmen
in
India,
either
then,
or
at
a
later
period.
What
appears
to
be
the
oldest
tombstone
of
an
Armenian
in
India
is
that
of
a
woman,
the
wife
of
a
priest,
at
Surat,
where
Armenians
first
formed
a
permanent
settlement.
Thence
they
went
to
Akbars
Court,
and
the
first
Jesuits
who
visited
Agra
found
Armenians
there,
at
Futtehpore
Sikri,
in
1579,
the
date
of
this
inscription.
The
Jesuits
also,
in
1600,
got
possession
of
the
books
of
an
Armenian
bishop
who
was
travelling
towards
Lahore.
Rev.
Father
H.
Hosten,
S.
J.,
says
that
the
Jesuits
do
not
mention
churches
or
chapels
at
Surat,
but
that
their
silence
on
this
point
would
mean
little,
for
Surat
at
that
date
was
under
Akbar,
and
not
in
the
hands
of
the
Portuguese.
In
this
tomb
lieth
buried
the
body
of
the
noble
lady,
who
was
named
Marinas,
the
wife
of
the
priest
Woskan.
She
was
a
crown
to
her
husband
according
to
the
proverbs
of
Solomon.
According
to
our
Armenian
date
of
one
thousand
and
twenty-eight,
on
the
fifteenth
day
of
November
at
the
first
hour
of
Friday,
at
the
age
of
53,
she
was
taken
up
to
the
Lord
of
Life,
a
soul-afflicting
cause
of
sorrow
to
her
faithful
husband.
Ye
who
see
this
tomb,
pray
to
the
Lord
to
grant
mercy.
Ի
տապանի
աստ
ամփոփի
մարմին
տիկնոջն
Տիրուհի.
Սա
Մարինաս
վերակոչի.
գոլ
կողակից
Տէր
Ոսկանի.
Էր
սա
պսակ
իւր
կենակցի.
ըստ
առակին
Սողոմոնի
Իսկ
մեր
Հայոցս
տումարի.
հազար
քսանը
ութ
ամի.
Տասն
֊
հինգ
նոյեմբերի.
՝ի
յՈւրբաթի
նախկին
ժամի.
53
ամաց
լինի.
առ
Տէր
կենցաղոյս
վերակաչուի.
Տխրապա(տ)ճառ
հոգ
վշտալի.
առ
կենակից
հաւատքի.
Որք
հանդիպիք
սոյն
տապանի.
առ
Տէր
հայցմամբ
տուք
ողորմի.
ARMENIAN
CHRONOLOGY.
The
Armenians
have
three
chronologies,
eras,
or
calendars.
1.
The
ERA
OF
HAIK,
the
progenitor
of
the
Armenian
nation,
son
of
Togarmah,
and
great
grandson
of
Noah,
or
of
Japhet,
who,
after
the
destruction
of
the
Tower
of
Babel
and
the
dispersion
of
the
races
of
mankind,
went
to
the
land
of
Ararat
and
there
repelled
the
invasion
of
Belus
and
killed
him
in
the
year
2492
B.
C.
This
date
agrees
with
the
date
given
by
the
minute
calculations
of
Julius
Africanus
and
Eusebius
for
the
death
of
Belus.
Each
year
of
the
Haikian
era
consists
of
12
months
of
30
days
each,
and
an
additional
5
days
at
the
end
of
the
year,
and
the
year
commences
on
the
29th
July,
O.
S.,
11th
August,
N.
S.,
which
is,
since
1900,
12th
August.
This
is
the
date,
one
month
before
the
autumnal
equinox,
observed
by
the
Egyptians,
the
only
race
that
rivals
the
Armenian
on
the
point
of
antiquity,
for
the
feast
of
the
marriage
of
the
waters
of
the
Nile.
In
pagan
times
Armenians
on
this
day
commemorated
the
Deluge,
by
aspersions
and
by
the
letting
loose
of
pigeons,
and
in
Christian
times
the
fathers
of
the
Church
fixed
the
Transfiguration
of
Our
Lord
for
the
16th
of
August,
5
days
after
the
new
year,
on
the
same
day
that
the
pagans
consecrated
to
their
goddess
Venus
(
Asthghik
),
Ishtar,
Astarte.
One
period
or
cycle
of
the
Haikian
Era
lasted
1460
years,
and
as
the
era
began
in
2492
B.
C.
with
the
formation
of
the
Armenian
nation,
so
did
the
last
year
of
the
second
period,
428
A.
D.,
see
the
end
of
the
autonomy
of
Armenia
and
the
absorption
of
their
country
by
neighbouring
States.
2.
The
Armenian
GREAT
ERA,
fixed
by
the
Catholicos
Moses
II.,
began
in
the
year
552
A.
D.,
July
29,
the
months
and
days
being
the
same
as
in
the
Haikian
Era.
This
is
the
"Armenian
date"
mentioned
in
the
Surat
inscription,
one
thousand
and
twenty-eight,
which
by
the
addition
of
551
years
gives
the
year
1579
A.
D.
3.
The
LITTLE
ERA
of
the
Varthapiet
(monk)
Azariah,
by
order
of
the
Catholicos
Melchisedek
began
in
the
year
1615
according
to
the
Julian
Calendar,
with
this
difference,
that
the
new
year
begins
on
March
22,
O.
S.
The
names
of
the
twelve
months,
of
30
days
each,
and
one
additional
period
of
5-6
days
at
the
end
of
the
year,
differ
entirely
from
the
names
of
the
Haikian
calendar.
The
Azariah
date
is
used
only
by
the
Armenians
of
Julfa,
in
memory
of
the
date
of
their
deportation
by
Shah
Abbas
from
their
native
land
of
Haiastan
(Armenia)
into
Persia.
Nearly
all
the
old
graves
in
the
Calcutta
and
in
other
cemeteries
in
India
bear
the
Azariah
date.
The
next
oldest
inscription
from
Surat
is
dated
110
years
later
than
1579.
Probably
the
stones
in
between
these
dates
have
disappeared,
or
are
inaccessible.
In
Father
H.
Hostens
publication,
Mirza,
Zu-l-Qarnain,
a
Christian
Grandee
of
the
Three
Great
Mogols,
he
mentions
an
Armenian
inscription
at
Agra,
worked
into
an
arch
and
forming
a
window-sill,
where
no
one
would
suspect
its
existence.
To
return
to
Mortons
Decisions,
on
p.
242
we
find:
-
"What
is
the
nature
of
property
in
land
and
how
transmissible
in
the
province
of
Bengal.
It
is
proposed
here
to
inquire
as
to
the
law
of
land
in
that
part
of
the
territories
of
the
Fort
William
Government
which
is
subject
to
the
Courts
of
the
East
India
Company.
Emin
vs.
Emin
is
the
earliest
known
authority
as
to
what
is
the
general
law
recognised
by
H.
M.
Court
to
govern
the
descent
of
land
in
the
provinces
or
the
mofussil.
In
that
case
a
bill
was
filed
(April
1815)
by
the
widow
of
an
Armenian
against
the
infant
heir
at
law,
being
the
eldest
of
two
sons
of
her
deceased
husband,
praying
an
assignment
of
dower.
The
husband,
Joseph
Emin,
is
described
in
the
evidence
to
have
been
"a
native
of
Ispahan
in
Persia
and
a
Christian
of
the
Armenian
Church.
"
The
lands
out
of
which
dower
was
claimed
and
of
and
which
the
husband
is
alleged
to
have
been
"
seised
and
possessed
of
an
estate
of
inheritance
in
fee
simple
to
him
and
his
heirs
for
ever,
"
were,
buildings
and
ground
in
Old
China
Bazar
and
in
Mullungah
in
Calcutta,
covering
about
five
biggahs
of
land,
also
a
small
house
and
premises,
being
ten
cottahs
in
"Mouza
Entally
near
the
town
of
Calcutta.
"
The
usual
infants
answer
was
put
in
for
the
heir
(the
other
son
was
not
a
party)
and
the
cause
was
heard
on
the
10th
July,
1815,
when
the
widow
was
decreed
entitled
to
dower
"in
the
messuages
lands
and
tenements
whereof
the
said
Joseph
Emin
was . . .
seised
as
of
an
estate
of
inheritance
and
in
fee
simple" . . . .
The
Commissioner
assigned
parcel
of
the
property
in
Old
China
Bazar
"as
and
for
her
dower;
" . . . .
His
return
was
confirmed:
and
the
Court
passed
a
final
decree
on
the
21st
November
1816,
directing,
int
al.,
that
the
complainant
be
let
into
possession
of
the
premises . . .
"as
and
in
full
satisfaction
of
and
for
the
dower
of
the
said
complainant
in
and
out
of
the
freehold
messuages
lands
and
tenements
whereof
the
said
Joseph
Emin . . .
was
in
his
life
time
seised.
"
Now,
inasmuch
as
the
dower
was
claimed
and
decreed
out
of
the
whole
estate,
and
a
small
part
lay
just
beyond
the
Mahratta
ditch . . . .
this
decree
is
a
holding
of
the
Court,
in
1815
and
1816,
that
land
of
an
Armenian
in
the
mofussil
in
which
he
has
an
absolute
interest,
is
fee
simple
and
descendible
according
to
English
law . . .
"
The
deceased,
Joseph
Emin,
referred
to
in
the
above
extract
as
a
"native
of
Ispahan"
in
Persia,
was
Emins
second
son,
born
in
Julfa,
who
died
and
was
buried
at
Bhagalpore,
in
July,
1814,
leaving
two
sons.
On
26th
March,
1811,
he
was
"granted
a
pottah
for
15
Cottahs
and
8
Chittacks
of
Ground
in
Bazar
Calcutta
which
formerly
belonged
unto
Khojah
Selman
Beshy.
"
These
premises
are
now
No.
23
Canning
St.
It
does
not
appear
that
Emins
father
Hovsep,
who
died
in
1777,
while
his
son
was
absent
in
Julfa,
succeeded
in
acquiring
and
bequeathing
to
his
son
any
of
the
wealth
accumulated
at
that
time
by
so
many
of
his
compatriots
in
Calcutta.
Emins
application
for
his
arreas
of
pay
shows
him
to
have
been
in
somewhat
straitened
circumstances,
with
"a
Wife
and
4
Childrens"
to
support.
Later
on
he
may
perhaps
have
entered
on
some
kind
of
business,
for
in
1791
he
is
assuring
Mrs.
Montagu
that
he
is
"not
an
Abject
but
thank
God
indipendent,
"
and
this
in
spite
of
his
having
been
"made
invalid,
"
on
ninety-one
rupees
a
month.
The
name
of
Emin,
however,
seems
to
have
been
familiar
in
circles
other
than
mercantile
about
the
period
of
Emins
first
return
to
Calcutta.
Having
read
in
Bengal
Past
and
Present,
vol.
iv.,
p.
498,
of
the
curious
entry
in
the
marriage
registers
of
the
Roman
Catholic
Cathedral
at
Moorgheehatta
(close
to
the
Armenian
Church),
in
1772,
of
the
name
of
Maria
Hammond
as
Maria
Emin,
I
went
to
see
the
original
record,
and
the
Christian
Brother
in
charge
kindly
allowed
me
to
copy
it
out.
14
de
Fevr
1772
Casousa
Charles
Seally
n
al
de
Iglaterra
con
Maria
Emin
natural
de
Colcata
nesta
Igra
de
Sna
de
Rosr
foraó
tes
temonhas
Bernando
Pinto
e
Bete
vy
Emen.
FR
JOAO
DE
S.
NICOLAO.
Vigro.
This
marriage
also
took
place
on
the
same
day
at
St.
Johns
Church.
Mrs.
Sealy,
married
as
"Maria
Emin
natural
de
Colcata,
"
was
no
other
than
Maria
Hammond,
the
future
great-grandmother
of
a
Viceroy
of
India,
Lord
Northbrook,
through
her
daughter
Mary
Ursula,
who
was
married
at
St.
Johns
Church,
Calcutta,
to
Thomas
Baring,
B.
C.
S.,
afterwards
created
Baronet.
A
month
previous,
on
Jan.
14,
the
same
vicar
had
married
Maria
Hammonds
sister
Ann
to
Captain
Showers,
and
had
spelt
her
surname
quite
correctly
in
the
register
(see
Bengal
Past
and
Present).
The
identity
of
"Maria
Emins"
second
witness,
"Bete
vy
Emen"
-
with
an
e
this
time
-
is
a
mystery.
RECORDS
OF
EMINS
FAMILY
IN
CALCUTTA.
Emins
letters
to
Mrs.
Montagu
in
1785,
89,
and
91,
show
that
he
was
then
living
in
Calcutta
with
his
eldest
boy,
Arshak,
and
that
his
wife
and
other
children
were
still
in
Julfa.
He
has
told
us
nothing
about
his
marriage
except
that
he
married
to
save
his
life
from
the
plots
laid
against
him
by
the
ecclesiastics,
and
he
does
not
even
mention
the
name
of
his
wife.
The
marriage
was
probably
arranged
for
him
-
and
perhaps
he
had
not
forgotten
the
little
princess
Marian
at
Astrakhan,
for
his
silence
on
the
subject
is
a
contrast
to
all
that
he
has
had
to
say
about
the
members
of
the
"Fairsex,
"
English,
Circassian,
Georgian,
and
others,
that
he
met
in
the
course
of
his
travels.
His
wife
was
the
daughter
of
Aga
David,
a
man
of
some
position
in
Julfa,
who
sent
her
out
to
Calcutta
to
join
her
husband,
but
at
what
date
is
not
known.
Her
name
was
Thangoom-khatoon.
Thangoom
is
the
Armenian
for
something
dear,
or
precious,
and
khatoon
is
a
word
common
to
most
languages
in
those
regions,
meaning
lady.
Her
tomb
in
Julfa
shows
her
to
have
died
in
1843
at
the
age
of
95,
so
that
she
must
have
been
about
28
at
the
time
of
her
marriage.
Her
two
sons
were
named
Arshak
and
Joseph,
and
one
daughter
was
called
Ismeen,
the
other,
possibly,
Bégoom.
The
eldest
son,
Arshak,
cannot
be
traced
after
the
letter
of
1791,
nor
do
the
Calcutta
church
registers
offer
any
clue
as
to
what
became
of
him.
His
grave
is
not
in
the
Calcutta
churchyard,
where
his
father,
grandfather,
great-grandmother,
and
his
fathers
uncles
lie
buried,
nor
is
it
in
Julfa.
Inquiries
made
at
Chinsurah,
Saidabad,
Dacca,
Madras,
and
Bombay,
in
all
of
which
places
there
are
Armenian
churches
and
burying-grounds,
have
proved
fruitless.
He
may,
however
have
been
buried
at
Saidabad,
for
the
stones
there
are
not
in
good
preservation.
Had
his
death
occurred
in
India
later
than
1793
a
record
might
have
been
found
in
the
Calcutta
registers.
At
one
time
there
were
three
wardens
of
the
Calcutta
church,
a
dispute
arose
between
the
three,
one
of
them
took
away
the
records
to
his
house,
and
nothing
previous
to
1793
has
survived
this
most
unfortunate
proceeding.
Successive
road
repairs,
carried
out
after
the
manner
of
road
repairs
in
Calcutta,
have
raised
the
level
of
the
street
outside
the
west
entrance
to
the
churchyard
to
a
height
of
nearly
two
feet
above
the
enclosure,
which
has
necessitated
the
placing
of
wooden
steps
inside
the
door
of
the
west
porch
of
the
churchyard,
and
also
of
a
footway
to
the
west
door
of
the
church,
to
enable
people
to
enter
dryshod,
as
this
portion
of
the
yard,
being
so
much
lower
than
the
street
outside,
is
often
flooded
to
a
depth
of
several
inches
during
heavy
showers
of
rain.
The
churchyard
is
full
of
graves,
and
in
fact
is
practically
paved
with
flat
tombstones,
with
scarcely
any
space
between,
and
as
the
steps
and
footway,
although
easily
movable,
are
nearly
always
in
position,
several
stones
are
concealed
from
view.
In
the
search
made
for
the
grave
of
Arshak,
Emins
eldest
son,
these
constructions
were
removed
for
inspection
of
the
stones
underneath,
and
in
the
porch
were
disclosed
five
stones
of
the
Emin
family,
lying
side
by
side,
the
first
line
of
graves
at
the
entrance.
Next
to
the
northern
wall
of
the
porch
lies
David,
Emins
favourite
uncle,
"My
ruler
David"
(see
his
letter
to
his
father,
p.
104).
The
inscription
on
his
grave
(translated
from
the
Armenian)
is
as
follows,
This
is
the
tomb
of
David
the
son
of
Michael
Emin
of
Hamadan
who
departed
this
life
on
the
6th
of
March
1763.
The
next
stone
has
the
following,
This
is
the
tomb
of
Mirzabek
the
son
of
Michael
Emin
of
Hamadan
June
23
1769.
Next
comes
that
of
Emins
grandmother.
This
is
the
tomb
of
Ripsima
the
wife
of
Michael
of
Hamadan
August
24th
1769.
Next
to
this
grave
is
one
without
any
inscription.
In
former
years
many
pious
Armenians
desired,
from
feelings
of
humility,
that
no
inscriptions
should
be
placed
over
their
resting-places,
and
also
that
they
should
be
interred
at
the
entrances
to
cemeteries,
and
in
places
which
were
passages,
or
thoroughfares
through
the
grave-yards,
so
that
people
should
continually
pass
over
and
tread
on
their
graves.
From
the
position
of
this
nameless
grave,
next
to
that
of
his
wife
Ripsima,
and
from
what
Emin
has
related
of
his
grandfathers
piety
and
resignation,
it
is
more
than
likely
that
this
grave
is
that
of
old
Michael
Emin
himself.
The
fifth
grave
has
the
following
inscription.
This
is
the
tomb
of
Malachia
the
son
of
Michael
of
Hamadan
who
died
in
the
Lord
on
February
8
1799
in
Calcutta.
The
first
record
of
the
family
in
the
church
register
is
the
death
of
Malachia.
All
these
stones
are
very
small
and
of
a
dark
slate
colour.
No
coffins
were
used.
"Dust
to
dust.
"
The
next
record
in
the
register
is
the
death
of
Moses,
1804.
He
lies
next
to
Malachia
under
a
large
white
marble
tombstone,
one
of
the
few
elaborately
cut
stones
in
the
yard,
with
a
Greek
key
border,
and,
at
the
upper
end,
two
medallions
enclosing
verses
from
the
Psalms,
as
follows.
There
are
no
other
stones
with
medallions
in
the
churchyard.
I
am
as
a
man
that
hath
no
strength,
free
among
the
dead.
Ps.
lxxxviii.
4. |
My
days
are
like
a
shadow
that
declineth
and
I
am
withered
like
grass.
Ps.
cii.
II. |
Into
the
womb
of
our
mother
earth
was
placed
the
body
of
the
pious
man
Moses
by
name
who
was
the
son
of
Joseph
a
native
of
Hamadan
of
the
family
of
Emin.
He
lived
a
modest
life
until
his
good
end
at
the
age
of
forty-five
years.
He
was
born
in
India
in
the
large
city
of
Calcutta.
O
readers
of
this
epitaph,
mention
his
name
whole-heartedly.
He
was
summoned
on
the
3rd
of
June
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1804.
The
age
of
forty-five
years,
according
to
the
Armenian
way
of
reckoning
ages,
would
mean
that
he
died
in
his
forty-fifth
year,
so
that
he
was
born
in
1760,
and
the
discovery
of
this
grave
was
the
first
indication
of
the
existence
of
a
step-brother
to
Emin,
proved,
later
on,
by
the
letter,
when
it
reached
me,
which
he
had
written
to
Mrs.
Montagu
in
1785,
in
which
he
mentions
his
brother.
When
he
returned
to
Calcutta
to
his
"worn-away
father,
"
after
an
absence
of
20
years,
in
the
cold
season
of
1770-71,
he
complained
of
the
cool
reception
he
had
from
him
(see
p.
429),
which
may
have
been
partly
due
to
the
presence
in
the
old
mans
home
of
this
child
of
his
old
age.
Emin
was
no
longer
an
only
son.
After
the
entry
of
Mosess
death
in
the
register,
the
clerk
has
casually
inserted,
"And
on
the
same
day
there
died
an
ordinary
priest
(
hasarak
kahana
).
"
An
"ordinary"
priest
was
the
term
used
formerly
to
denote
a
visiting
priest,
that
is,
one
not
regularly
appointed
to
officiate
at
the
church
in
question.
But
in
this
case,
the
poor
priest
seems
to
have
been
so
"ordinary,
"
that
the
clerk
did
not
so
much
as
put
himself
to
the
trouble
of
recording
his
name!
The
earliest
death
in
Calcutta
in
the
Emin
family
was
that
of
Emins
step-mother,
who
is
buried
just
outside
the
north-west
corner
of
the
church,
under
a
very
narrow
stone,
five
feet
one
inch
by
one
foot
one
inch,
inscribed.
This
is
our
eternal
home,
according
to
the
Word
of
the
Lord.
Here
abides
Theghki,
the
wife
of
Aga
Joseph
of
the
family
of
Emin,
who
came
from
Hamadan.
She
departed
this
life
on
the
first
of
September
1758.
Joseph
lies
next
his
second
wife.
Of
the
mother
of
his
son
Moses
there
is
no
record.
His
stone
is
very
long
as
compared
to
the
others,
six
feet
five
inches
by
two
feet.
This
is
the
tomb
of
Aga
Joseph
the
son
of
Michael
Emin
of
Hamadan.
He
departed
into
the
upper
world
on
September
9,
1777.
The
fact
of
no
coffins
being
used
for
any
of
these
burials
accounts
for
the
extreme
narrowness
of
all
the
old
stones.
The
earliest
record
of
a
coffin
being
used
in
this
churchyard
is
for
the
burial
of
Dishkhoon,
wife
of
Lazar
Agabeg,
February,
1832,
the
name
of
the
undertakers
being
Simpson
&
Co.
Two
tiny
baby
graves,
lying
side
by
side
south
of
the
church,
are
inscribed
as
follows:
-
This
is
the
tomb
of
Michael
the
son
of
Melikseth
Emin
of
Hamadan
who
died
in
childhood
in
1775
in
the
month
of
Nirhan
(March).
This
is
the
tomb
of
Hosanna,
the
daughter
of
Melikseth
Emin
of
Hamadan
who
died
in
childhood
in
1777
in
the
month
of
Shams
(April).
The
exact
ages
of
children
are
never
given,
either
in
the
registers
or
in
the
calendars,
the
same
wording
is
used
for
all,
i
mangakan
hasaki,
-
literally,
in
the
state,
or
age,
of
childhood.
The
grave
of
Melchisedek,
Melchised,
or
Melikseth,
the
father
of
these
children,
is
the
only
one
missing
from
the
graves
of
the
five
sons
of
Michael
Emin
who
came
to
India,
the
second
son,
Moses,
having
been
murdered
at
Tabriz
(p.
14).
Another
son
of
Melchisedek
was
buried
at
a
much
later
date
in
Chinsurah:
-
This
is
the
tomb
of
Johannes
the
son
of
Melchised
of
the
family
of
Emin
of
Hamadan
who
was
nicknamed
Marisentz.
He
died
in
the
year
1808
at
Chinsurah.
When
Thangoom-khatoon
came
to
Calcutta
to
join
her
husband,
she
must
have
brought
her
second
son,
Joseph,
with
her,
for
in
the
Church
register
there
is
the
following
entry.
August
4,
1806.
Joseph,
the
son
of
Aga
Emin,
married
Mérine,
the
daughter
of
Simeon
Stephen
Baraghamian.
The
officiating
priest
was
the
Reverend
Joseph
Stephen.
The
best-man
was
Mr.
Jacob
Voskan.
The
Armenian
word
rendered
"best
man,
"
for
want
of
a
better
word,
actually
signifies
cross-brother,
and
the
person
performing
this
office
takes
part
in
the
ceremony
by
holding
a
cross
over
the
bridal
couple
during
the
greater
part
of
the
marriage
service.
The
next
entries:
-
1807.
September
6.
God
bestowed
a
male
child
on
Mr.
Joseph
Emin.
1807.
On
September
21,
was
baptised
and
named
little
Joseph
Emin;
the
god-father
being
Mr.
Jacob
of
Hamadan.
Mr.
Jacob
no
doubt
was
Mr.
Jacob
Voskan.
The
duties
of
the
best
man
do
not
end
with
the
marriage,
for
he
is
expected
to
stand
god-father
to
all
the
children
of
the
couple
at
whose
wedding
he
officiates.
Emin,
born
in
1726,
had
now
attained
the
age
of
eighty-one
years,
and
had
witnessed
the
marriage
of
his
son
and
the
birth
of
a
grandson.
The
next
entry
is
that
of
his
own
death,
two
years
later.
1809.
On
August
2
rested
(died,
or,
went
to
rest)
Emin
Joseph,
who
was
buried
in
the
churchyard
by
all
the
resident
clergy.
He
lies
at
the
foot
of
his
fathers
grave,
and
on
his
white
marble
tombstone
with
Greek
key
border,
resembling
that
of
his
step-brother
Moses,
there
is
a
design
of
cannon
and
drums,
and
below
this
is
inscribed:
-
This
is
the
tomb
of
Aga
Emin,
the
son
of
Joseph
Emin
of
Hamadan
who
departed
to
the
upper
world
on
the
2nd
of
August
1809.
On
the
20th
of
August
of
the
same
year,
1809,
the
old
register
again
remarks:
-
God
bestowed
a
male
child
on
Aga
Joseph
Emin.
This
son
was
baptised
Michael,
after
Josephs
great-grandfather,
old
Michael
Emin.
Joseph
did
not
long
survive
his
father,
dying
out
of
Calcutta
in
July,
1814,
at
Bhagalpore,
where
he
was
buried
in
the
old
English
cemetery.
In
reply
to
inquiries
kindly
made
by
Archdeacon
Firminger,
the
authorities
in
charge
of
the
cemetery
stated
that
there
is
now
no
stone
there
discoverable
inscribed
with
the
name
of
Emin.
The
stone,
however,
was
in
existence
in
the
year
1868,
as
the
late
Mr.
Thomas
Malcolm,
who
was
warden
of
the
Armenian
Church
in
Calcutta
for
twenty
years,
was
requested
in
that
year,
the
first
of
his
wardenship,
by
Joseph
Emins
eldest
son
to
arrange
for
a
priest
to
accompany
him
to
Bhagalpore
to
say
the
usual
prayers
for
the
departed,
and
to
bless
the
grave
of
his
father,
a
duty
which
apparently
he
was
in
the
habit
of
fulfilling
every
year.
As
he
died
himself
in
Calcutta
on
Dec.
30
of
that
year
(1868),
the
stone
must
have
broken
up
through
neglect
after
his
death,
since
it
has
now
disappeared.
Therefore,
neither
of
the
graves
of
Emins
two
sons,
Arshak
and
Joseph,
can
now
be
traced.
Emins
daughter
Ismeen
was
married
in
Julfa
to
one
Hovsep
Hohannes.
One
of
her
sons,
Mackertich,
was
sent
out
to
the
care
of
his
grandmother,
Thangoom-khatoon,
at
the
age
of
ten
years,
in
1825.
He
was
a
pupil
of
the
Armenian
Philanthropic
Academy
in
Calcutta
till
the
year
1829,
when
he
left
Calcutta
in
a
Swedish
vessel
for
Stockholm
(a
voyage
of
eight
months),
whence
he
travelled
to
Moscow,
and
entered
the
Armenian
Lazareff,
or
Lazarian,
Institute
in
that
city.
He
spent
his
life
in
Russia,
married
a
Russian,
and
had
one
son
who
predeceased
him.
He
was
principal
of
the
Lazarian
Institute
for
twenty
years,
1840-1860,
when
he
resigned
his
post.
He
lectured
in
the
Institute
there
later
on,
for
several
years,
and
he
died
in
Moscow
in
1890.
He
published
many
translations
of
Armenian
historical
works
in
Russian,
five
works
on
Armenian
archaeology
in
Russian,
five
works
on
literature
(Armenian),
five
works
on
mythology,
in
Russian,
and
ten
historical
works
in
Russian.
At
his
jubilee
as
a
professor
nearly
every
continental
university
in
Europe
sent
him
congratulations.
The
"Life
of
Mackertich
Hovsepian
Emin,
"
by
one
of
his
pupils,
remarks
on
the
fact
that
he
could
never
be
induced
to
speak
of
his
family,
and
thence
draws
the
inference
that
they
had
at
one
time
been
in
very
good
circumstances,
but
had
afterwards
become
very
poor.
Ismeens
husband,
Hovsep
Hohannes,
had
followed
the
profession
of
a
glazier,
that
is
to
say,
he
was
a
worker
in
a
kind
of
glass
mosaic,
made
of
very
small
pieces
of
coloured
glass
set
in
various
elaborate
designs,
and
used
for
the
ornamentation
of
large
doors
in
the
houses
of
wealthy
people.
The
author
of
the
"Life
of
Mackertich
Hovsepian
Emin",
also
states
that
Mackertich
in
his
boyhood
had,
naturally,
been
known
by
his
fathers
name
of
Hovsep
Hohannes,
but,
after
having
visited
Calcutta,
had
adopted
the
name
of
Emin
out
of
compliment
to
his
relatives
in
that
city,
who
had
befriended
and
educated
him.
Be
that
as
it
may,
it
cannot
be
the
reason
for
the
action
of
the
descendants
of
Hovsep
Hohannes
by
his
wife
Ismeen
Emin,
in
discarding
their
rightful
patronymic,
and
appropriating
instead
the
maiden
name
of
their
ancestress,
an
unheard-of
proceeding
amongst
Armenians.
An
Armenian
is
invariably
known
by
his
own
and
his
fathers
baptismal
names,
and,
as
a
family
or
surname,
he
takes
that
of
his
paternal
grandfather,
or
of
some
other
ancestor,
but
always
on
the
paternal,
and
never
on
the
maternal
side.
The
only
surviving
Emins,
the
only
descendants
of
the
author
of
this
book
who
can
rightfully
be
called
by
that
name,
are
his
great-great-grandchildren
through
Michael
(b.
1809,
d.
1846),
the
second
son
of
his
second
son
Joseph
(b.
1781,
d.
1814),
by
Mérine,
daughter
of
Simon
Stephen
Baraghamian,
who
died
in
1830
at
the
age
of
40,
and
lies
buried
between
the
outer
pillars
of
the
porch
of
the
Armenian
Church
in
Calcutta.
The
two
sons
of
his
eldest
grandson
died
young,
as
did
his
own
eldest
son
Arshak.
Thangoom-khatoon,
who
seems
to
have
been
a
very
vigorous
old
lady,
returned
to
Julfa
to
her
daughter
Ismeen,
probably
after
Ismeens
son
left
for
Russia,
as
the
author
of
Mackertich
Emins
Life
relates
how
lonely
and
disconsolate
his
grandmother
was
after
his
departure,
ignoring
the
fact
that
Thangoom-khatoon
had
two
other
grandsons
in
Calcutta,
the
eldest
of
whom
had
married
in
1827,
and
that
in
1829
she
had
become
a
great-grandmother.
The
old
register
says,
1827.
October
18.
Mr.
Emin
Joseph
Emin
was
married
to
Miss
Mary
Sarkies
Owen.
1829.
January
30.
Mrs.
Mary
Emin
Joseph
Eminian
gave
birth
to
a
son
who
was
named
Joseph.
Thangoom-khatoons
second
grandson
married
in
1830.
1830.
November
27.
Mr.
Michael
Joseph
Emin
was
married
to
Miss
Catherine
Elaz
Avdalian.
RECORDS
IN
JULFA.
Ismeens
husband
died
in
1823.
On
his
tombstone
in
Julfa
his
name
is
preceded
by
the
word
Mah-thiesi
-
i.
e.,
one,
or
the
man,
who
has
seen
the
Death.
It
is
a
term
applied
to
those
who
go
on
a
pilgrimage
to
Jerusalem,
and
see
the
Tomb,
or
the
Death,
of
Christ.
The
inscription
reads
as
follows.
Mah-thiesi
Hovsep
Hohannes
died
at
Bagdad
on
Nakha
12
(July)
1823.
His
body
was
evidently
brought
from
Bagdad
to
Julfa
for
burial.
Next
to
him
lies
his
wife.
This
is
the
tomb
of
Ismeen
daughter
of
Aga
Emin
and
wife
of
Mahthiesi
Hovsep.
Thira
7
(Oct.
5)
in
the
year
1831.
And
on
the
grave
of
Thangoom-khatoon
herself
is
the
following:
-
This
is
the
tomb
of
Thangoom-khatoon
the
wife
of
the
late
Aga
Emin
who
died
(rested)
in
the
Lord
at
the
age
of
95
years
on
the
14th
September
1843.
Of
Emins
other
daughter
there
is
no
record.
TOMBS
OF
WELL-KNOWN
CALCUTTA
MERCHANTS.
On
the
old
tombstones
in
Calcutta
we
generally
find
lengthy
and
ornate
inscriptions
to
the
husbands,
and
short
and
simple
ones
to
the
wives,
and
the
name
of
the
wifes
family
is
very
rarely
given.
Sometimes
the
husband
lies
under
a
pure
white
marble
stone
with
a
border,
and
the
wife
next
to
him
under
a
plain
black
marble
slab.
The
stones
of
Catchick
Arakiel
and
of
his
son,
who
were
buried
inside
the
Calcutta
Church,
are
both
pure
white,
but
the
wife
and
mother
has
a
black
slab
between
the
two
white
ones.
I
Catchick
Arakiels
inscription
is
a
simple
one,
as
follows:
-
This
is
the
tomb
of
Paron
(Mr.
)
Catchick,
the
son
of
Arakiel
of
the
family
of
Gentloom.
He
was
aged
48.
He
rested
in
the
Lord
in
the
year
1790,
in
Calcutta,
corresponding
with
175
of
the
era
of
Azariah,
Nakha
(July)
26.
Below
the
inscription
is
a
horseman
with
a
spear
in
one
hand
and
a
pair
of
scales
in
the
other.
On
his
wifes
stone
it
is
stated
that
she
was
of
the
family
of
Tharkan.
On
the
wall
near
these
graves
there
is
a
tablet
to
Catchick
Arakiel,
erected
by
a
"grateful
community,
"
in
commemoration
of
his
building
the
clergy-house,
enclosing
the
churchyard
with
a
wall,
and
presenting
the
church
with
a
clock,
which
still
keeps
very
good
time.
It
arrived
from
England
in
1793,
after
the
death
of
the
donor,
and
the
name
of
the
maker
is
Alexander
Hare.
Moses
Catchick
Arakiel,
the
son,
in
an
application
to
Government
for
help
in
his
old
age,
when
he
was
in
very
reduced
circumstances,
states
that
his
mother
(daughter
of
Satoor
Tharkanentz)
was
the
grand-daughter
of
Phanos
Kalanthar.
(See
Mesrovb
Seths
History
of
the
Armenians
in
India,
and
Bolts
Considerations
on
Indian
Affairs,
1772.
)
Another
well-known
merchant
was
Sarkies
Ter
Johannes,
one
of
the
signatories
to
the
Address
to
the
Judges,
p.
507,
who
is
buried
on
the
north
side
of
the
churchyard,
together
with
several
members
of
his
family,
including
his
brother,
a
priest
of
the
church
belonging
to
the
Mooradian
family
in
Julfa.
This
church
is
now
in
ruins.
It
is
unusual
for
a
priest
to
bear
the
same
name
as
his
father,
but
it
is
distinctly
stated
on
his
tomb
that
he
was
Ter
Johannes,
son
of
Ter
Johannes.
His
age
is
not
given,
nor
is
that
of
his
wife.
The
old
inscriptions
often,
in
fact,
nearly
always,
omitted
giving
these
important
particulars.
He
was
not,
apparently,
officiating
at
the
Calcutta
church.
Sarkies
Ter
Johanness
inscription
is
elaborate
and
in
metre,
almost
as
ornate
as
Pietrog
Arathoons.
The
cruel
bitter
wind
of
death
has
blown
out
the
light
of
the
Armenian
nation,
the
Armenian
leader
(chief)
Aga
Sarkies,
the
son
of
Ter
Johannes.
The
sword
of
death
has
cut
down
and
destroyed
the
crown
of
the
Armenian
community.
He
was
an
eloquent
and
honest
man.
His
manners
were
amiable
to
all.
Like
Tobit
he
was
charitable
to
the
homeless
and
distributed
money
bountifully.
At
the
age
of
73
years
he
was
put
in
this
dark
narrow
cell.
Now,
O
ye
people,
follow
this
suitable
advice!
Put
not
your
trust
in
vain
in
life
which
is
pleasant
but
unreal,
but
follow
after
good
meditations
and
lay
up
incorruptible
treasure.
The
date
of
this
mans
departing
to
the
Creator
of
all
was
the
year
one
thousand
eight
hundred
and
twelve
on
the
eighteenth
day
of
the
month
of
Ghamar
(July-August).
His
wife
shared
in
the
esteem
in
which
her
husband
was
held,
as
her
inscription
is
also
in
metre,
though
not
so
lengthy
or
elaborate;
she
was
"pious
in
her
life,
a
faithful
wife,
a
tender
mother,
charitable
to
her
neighbours,
and
an
example
of
Christian
morality.
"
Johannes
Sarkies,
son
of
Sarkies
Ter
Johannes,
married
the
daughter
of
Catchick
Arakiel.
Her
tombstone
has
the
following
inscription:
-
The
tomb
of
The
pious
lady
Elizabeth
Johannes
Sarkies,
daughter
of
the
late
Aga
Catchick
Arakiel
and
wife
of
the
late
Aga
Johannes
Sarkies,
who
departed
this
life
full
of
years
and
honour
at
Calcutta
on
the
7th
of
May
in
the
year
1857
at
the
age
of
75.
LENVOI.
With
the
genealogical
tables
here
appended
I
bring
this
record
of
my
ancestor
to
a
close,
in
the
hope-although
"there
is
no
reasoning
on
tastes"
in
1918
any
more
than
there
was
in
1788
-
that
it
may
be
found,
to
be
of
interest
by
readers
in
the
twentieth
century,
as
it
has
been
in
the
eighteenth,
by
so
eminent
and
distinguished
a
man
as
Sir
William
Jones.
It
is
the
record
of
a
man
whose
one
thought
in
life
was
the
freedom
of
his
country,
and
it
seems
strangely
befitting
that,
in
bringing
it
to
the
light
again,
I
should
lay
down
my
pen
in
the
very
month
that
sees
the
dawning
of
liberty
to
the
people
for
whom
he
was
ready
to
sacrifice
everything.
May
they
prove
themselves
worthy
to
gain,
and
to
retain,
that
liberty!
