VIII.
[Letters
previously
written
to
Calcutta
to
Governor
Drake,
and
to
Emins
father
-
His
fathers
reply
-The
Black
Hole
tragedy
-
Letter
to
Heraclius
of
Georgia,
sent
through
Mr.
Shaw,
Resident
at
Basra.
]
He
omitted
saying
before,
that
when
he
was
first
known
to
it
the
earl
of
Northumberland,
and
to
his
Royal
Highness,
he
wrote
four
letters;
one
to
governor
Drake,
one
to
his
father;
the
third
to
the
Armenians
in
Calcutta;
the
fourth
to
prince
Heraclius
of
Georgia.
He
translated
into
English
the
three
which
were
in
Armenian,
and
shewed
them
to
the
duke
of
Cumberland
his
patron,
lord
Northumberland,
the
late
Dr.
Secker,
archbishop
of
Canterbury,
Mr.
Payne,
of
the
Direction,
and
to
several
noblemen.
His
Royal
Highness
sent
for
Mr.
Payne,
and
told
him
the
letters
were
to
be
sent
to
Bengal
to
the
governor
and
council
of
Calcutta,
who
could
summon
all
the
Armenians
there,
with
his
father
Joseph,
and
read
them
in
the
government-house.
TO
GOVERNOR
DRAKE
A
copy.
my
own
diction.
SIR
What
induces
me
to
trouble
your
Goodness,
is
that
high
Oppinion
I
have
of
the
Generousity
of
all
that
belong
to
a
Country,
where
I
have
found
such
Noble
Friends
who
have
not
only
supported
me
at
the
time
of
my
destress,
but
have
taken
great
pains
to
instruct
me
with
their
good,
wise,
and
Noble
Councells;
they
have
also
obtained
for
me
the
protection
of
his
Royal
Highness
the
Duke
of
Cumberland,
&
by
his
Order
sent
me
to
the
Academy
of
Woolwich;
which
makes
me
happy
every
moment,
when
I
reflect
on
my
former
Condition;
of
my
Slavery
for
4
Years
successively.
Was
I
to
be
sacraficed
for
them
or
for
your
Countrymen
Good
S
r
woud
not
be
a
sufficient
Gratitude
shewn
in
return
to
that
Great
Humanity
I
have
received,
since
I
have
been
so
very
happy,
&
so
greatly
blessed
to
be
known
to
them;
This,
&
many
other
Nobleness
of
theirs
encouraged
me
to
make
you
this
Address,
and
to
beg
that
you
woud
not
think
a
Trouble
to
help
an
honest
man
who
has
not
the
Honour
to
be
known
to
you.
The
Design
of
this
Letter
is
to
entreat
you
woud
use
your
endeavour,
to
prevail
upon
Armenian
Merchants
of
your
Settlement
of
Calcutta
in
Bengal,
to
write
to
Prince
Heraclius
in
my
Behalf,
in
order
to
be
received
into
his
Service;
as
it
is
mentioned
in
the
Letter
which
I
have
wrote
to
him,
inclosed
here
in
Armenian
Language,
translated
by
me
into
English;
being
laid
before
his
Royal
Highness
The
Duke
of
Cumberland,
&
before
My
Lord
Bishop
of
Oxford,
The
Earl
of
Northumberland
my
Patron,
My
Lord
Cathcart,
and
before
several
worthy
Gentlemen;
&
it
is
by
his
Royal
Highnesss
permission
that
I
do
send
this
Letter
to
Prince
Heraclius,
by
which
you
will
soon
know
how
to
help
me,
and
how
to
direct
the
said
Armenians
of
the
said
Settlement
of
Calcutta.
In
what
manner,
&
in
what
method
they
are
to
proceed.
And
that
you
will
be
pleased
to
let
the
Principle
People
of
the
Armenians
peruse
the
Contents
of
the
above
mentioned
Letter,
to
that
Prince,
that
they
may
thoroughly
understand
before
they
begin
theirs.
I
have
wrote
&
inclosed
here
a
Letter
to
the
said
Armenians,
that
they
may
be
better
convinced
of
the
Matter.
And
have
like
manner
the
Honour
of
receiving
a
Letter
of
Recomendation
the
Directors
of
the
East
India
Company
to
your
Goodness,
to
certifye
that
what
I
have
said
above
is
true,
and
that
it
is
not
my
Intention
to
impose
upon
Armenians,
nor
abuse
your
humanity;
and
that
I
am
honest.
Those
Noble
Friends
whom
I
have
been
known
to,
&
those
whom
I
have
been
slave
to
will
all
say
I
am
honest.
I
am
in
great
hopes
they
will
not
scruple
to
do
me
this
favour,
for
it
will
cost
them
neither
Money,
nor
much
Trouble.
Whereas
a
plain
Letter
signed
by
all
the
Armenians
of
Calcutta
may
be
of
Great
Consequence
to
me.
For
even
if
I
had
no
success
in
this,
that
the
said
Prince
shoud
not
accept
of
my
Service,
which
I
fear
but
little.
Yet
when
I
come
to
my
Country,
if
they
begin
to
make
their
false,
foolish
&
Asiatick
Pretences,
I
might
then
produce
the
Coppy
of
the
said
Armenian
Merchants
Letter,
as
their
Testimony
for
my
Honesty;
to
signify
that
I
have
from
the
Begining
shewn
a
clear,
&
a
good
Heart;
and
that
I
have
no
Design
neither
against
him,
not
against
his
Country,
but
the
reverse.
And
as
long
as
I
have
any
Life
in
me
I
will
endeavour
to
make
it
serviceable
to
him,
and
also
towards
the
Good
both
of
Religion,
and
my
Country.
If
you
do
me
the
Honour
to
serve
me
in
this,
(which
I
am
assured
you
will
with
Pleasure,
as
you
are
an
Englishman,
must
therefor
resemble
your
Countrymen)
Then
I
will
take
the
Boldness
from
that
Encouragement
to
ask
for
one
favour
more.
I
have
a
Father
Good
S
r
who
has
the
Happyness
to
live
under
your
Government,
who
is
old,
&
worn
away
by
much
Grief
caused
by
the
Absent
of
his
Only
Son,
&
who
cannot
know
of
the
Great
Honour
I
have
received
in
England,
except
you
are
so
very
good
to
shew
some
sign
of
it.
That
is
the
least
Notice
you
will
be
pleased
to
take
of
him,
will
make
him
happy,
&
will
be
the
Greatest
Honour
both
to
him,
and
to
me,
who
am
already
loaded
with
Favours
from
the
first,
&
best
of
your
Countrymen,
&
that
all
my
Life
will
be
proud
to
own
myself,
I
am
Sir
Your
most
obedient
&
obliged
humble
Servant
JOSEPH
AMEEN.
TO
GOVFRNOR
DRAKE.
A
Copy.
SIR
M
r
Payne
a
director
of
the
East
India
Company
does
me
the
honour
to
convey
this
Letter
to
you
and
will
certifye
the
truth
of
what
ever
I
say
and
that
I
am
not
altogether
unworthy
to
receive
the
same
favours
from
you
that
I
have
recd
from
him,
and
from
many
other
of
your
Countrymen.
My
principle
S
r
is
founded
upon
truth,
and
I
shall
employ
my
last
Breath
in
acknowledging
the
Honours
I
recd
from
your
generous
country.
The
purpose
of
this
Letter
is
to
entreat
you
woud
use
your
endeavour
to
forward
the
inclosed
by
some
good
Hand
to
P:
H:
of
Georgia;
it
is
a
Letter
adressed
to
him
in
the
Armenian
Language
which
I
have
translated
into
English
in
order
that
you
may
know
the
Contents
of
it
having
laid
it
before
his
Royal
Highness
the
Duke
of
Cumberland
my
Protector
the
B.
of
Ox.
my
reverend
instructor
my
Lord
Northumland
my
Patron,
my
Lord
Cathcart
my
Noble
Friend
and
als
before
several
worthy
Gentlemen
of
this
Kingdom
and
it
is
by
his
R:
H:
permision
I
send
this
Letter
to
that
Prince.
I
am
sorry
to
trouble
you,
but
I
am
assured
you
will
delight
like
the
rest
of
your
Generous
Countrymen
to
serve
an
Honest
man
who
has
not
the
Hon
r
to
be
known
to
you
and
who
is
with
the
utmost
Gratitud
Sir
EMINS
TRANSLATION
OF
HIS
LETTER
TO
HIS
FATHER.
Honoured
Father
The
Son
of
Virtue
is
Bravery,
and
Bravery
cannot
be
without
Virtue;
for
as
the
Son
proceedeth
from
the
Father,
so
Bravery
does
from
Virtue.
More
plainly
to
speak
to
you,
O
my
Sweet
Father!
thou
art
a
Virtuous
man,
and
used
to
instruct
me
of
Virtue
while
I
was
with
you;
and
if
I
am
thy
true
Son
I
am
bound
to
be
Brave,
by
which
I
may
be
worthy
to
be
called
thy
Son,
and
also
worthy
of
the
name
of
that
our
great
fore-Father
Ameen.
O
my
Father
Joseph,
the
reason
of
my
departure
from
thee
is
to
obtain
Bravery.
What
are
thy
Thoughts;
?
dost
thou
think
that
I
am
come
here
to
Learn
only
the
e
nglish
Language?
no,
no,
I
am
come
to
learn
the
Art
of
War;
which
is
preferable
to
all
the
Arts
upon
the
World;
This
Art
is
so
precious,
that
always
it
is
always
spoken
in
the
presence
of
Casers,
and
Kings;
by
this
very
Art,
we
are
to
give
Battles
against
the
persecutors,
and
enemies,
of
our
Christian
Nation,
who
stand
Captives
under
their
Hands.
It
is
unexpressable
the
preciousness
of
this
great
Art,
for
without
it,
is
impossible
that
our
Religion
shoud
shine;
we
shall
allways
be
persecuted
under
our
enemies,
if
we
dont
strive
to
learn
it;
my
Father
those
were
the
reasons
of
the
departure
of
thine
only
Son
(and
when
I
used
to
mention
them
to
thee
instead
of
commending
me
for
it
thou
didst
allways
insult
me,
and
turn
thy
Countenance
from
me
as
if
I
was
speaking
of
Treason;
)
and
now
I
would
not
tell
thee
so
plainly
and
openly
my
mind,
if
I
had
not
accidentaly
met
here
a
Nobleman
who
when
he
was
acquainted
with
the
Councel
of
my
heart
and
the
hardship
which
I
underwent
for
the
sake
of
my
Nation,
was
surprized;
loved
me
like
Father,
gave
me
Money,
spoke
of
me
to
the
Son
of
the
King
of
England,
and
also
to
several
Noblemen;
again
he
asked
we
what
was
my
Design
that
made
me
come
away
from
my
Father;
and
when
I
made
answer
and
said,
that
I
am
come
to
learn
the
Art
of
War,
still
he
liked
me
and
conforted
me;
and
said
to
me
be
contented;
I
will
make
interest
for
thee
to
the
son
of
our
King
to
give
thee
order
that
thou
mayst
go
to
the
Place
of
Education,
and
Learn
what
thou
desire
where
are
all
the
Sons
of
Noblemen
learning
the
Art
of
War;
and
you
will
learn
the
same
with
them.
O
Father,
be
glad!
for
God
is
with
me;
I
am
not
come
here
to
Learn
Luxury,
&
Extravagancy;
I
am
come
to
Obtain
Worthyness,
to
learn
Wisdom;
to
know
the
World,
and
be
called
a
perfect
Servant
to
my
Sheeplike-Shepherdless
Armenian
Nation.
Again
know
ye,
that
if
you
had
made
a
present,
or
had
spent
5
Thousand
Rupees,
you
coud
not
be
able
to
get
me
such
great
and
Noble
Friends;
therefore
it
is
almighty
God,
that
has
showered
down
upon
me
his
infinite
Mercy;
for
it
is
he
that
knows
the
Councell
of
my
heart;
and
my
Heart
is
into
him,
he
is
Father
of
all
that
trust
in
him;
without
him
is
nothing;
and
nothing
can
be
done.
Michia!
my
Uncle,
you
seem
to
be
very
angry
with
me.
My
beloved,
what
were
my
Sins?
why
you
have
forgot
me
in
that
manner?
why
dont
you
comfort
me
with
a
Philosophical
Letter
of
yours?
I
have
driven
myself
to
Death
for
your
sake;
and
instead
of
encouraging
me,
you
think
me
a
prodigal.
I
beleive,
that
you
have
heard
of
the
wrath
of
my
sweet
Father,
who
had
rejected
me
from
being
his
Son;
after
his
arrival
on
board
of
the
Ship,
he
had
sent
a
Letter
to
the
Hand
of
my
Shepherd
David;
and
it
was
written
in
This
manner;
"Brother
David,
knowest
thou
so
far,
that
there
is
no
absolution
for
Ameen
my
Son,
unless
he
is
crucified
his
head
downward
for
the
sake
of
his
Nation,
as
Apostle
Peter
was
crucified;
"
thou
seest
that
he
was
comparing
such
a
Sinner
as
me
to
that
Great
Saint;
but
he
will
have
patience
to
stay,
that
I
might
obtain
Worthiness
first;
and
then
be
crucified.
he
thought
that
he
coud
pronounce
that
word,
crusified,
with
ease;
but
he
did
not
imagine
the
dificulty
of
the
Loss
of
his
only
Son.
And
after
all
those
great
Torments
and
hardships
which
I
have
been
under,
and
am
just
begining
to
make
his
name
and
yours
to
shin,
you
all
desire
me
to
return;
ignorant
I
came,
and
Ignorant
I
must
go
you
are
indebted
to
hearten
me;
I
am
contented
to
obtain
an
emty
Letter
either
from
thee
or
from
my
Father;
even
that
you
will
not
do.
O
my
Compassionate
Uncle!
if
I
have
sined
before
my
Father,
tell
me
what
evil
have
I
been
culpable
of,
towards
you?
why
you
forsake
me
so:
I
know
within
myself,
that
it
is
only
my
Ruler
David,
who
bears
and
weighs
the
Torments,
and
smarts
from
my
Father;
my
Father
cannot
blame
you;
for
at
the
time
of
my
Desertion,
you
was
at
Seidapad,
and
my
Ruler
David
at
Calcutta;
therefore
let
me
die
for
him;
let
my
Blood
be
under
his
Feet;
it
is
true,
that
you
are
my
Sheperds;
but
he
is
the
only
my
Ruler
and
manager,
my
controller
and
my
Comforter,
my
supporter
and
my
teacher.
D:
I
cry,
I
roar
for
to
see
David;
but
in
vain;
I
cannot:
and
thou
Mirzabec
the
Soul
of
my
Soul
embrace
a
Wild
beastlike
salute
from
the
deepest
part
of
my
Heart.
My
Ruler
David,
thine,
fowan
the
3
d
of
February
from
Hugley,
arrived
here
the
14
th
December
1755
by
the
Hand
of
John
Mills
to
the
hand
of
Stephanos
Coggigian
but
I
did
not
see
the
Person
who
brought
thy
Letter;
I
recd
it
from
Stephanus.
and
it
was
a
great
Joy
to
me
to
obtain
such
fatherlike
Letter
from
thee;
and
I
was
very
thankfull
to
God,
for
having
such
a
Ruler
as
thee
in
this
World.
Altho
my
sweet
Father
is
a
little
angry
with
me;
I
did
not
submit
to
his
Will;
but
I
know
within
myself,
that
a
fruitless
Tree
is
always
hatefull,
and
proud,
to
its
planter
or
Master;
but
a
Fruitfull
Tree
is
dear
and
humble;
its
branches
bend
down
to
the
ground;
therefore,
while
I
am
fruitless,
it
is
impossible
for
me
to
obtain
humbleness;
but
when
I
am
fruitfull
it
is
natural
then
I
must
be
humble.
a
second
example;
a
valiant
Warier,
while
he
is
in
the
battle
he
is
obliged
to
appear
proud,
first
among
his
Soliders,
secondly
against
his
enemys,
and
if
he
shoud
obtain
a
Conquest
over
them,
it
is
then
natural
to
appear
humble,
if
he
is
true
Warier;
these
are
my
less
understanding
thoughts
if
your
great
Wisdom
will
approve
of
them.
I
Last
year
two
Letters
by
the
hand
of
M
r
Davis
to
the
hand
of
M
r
Maningham
have
sent,
to
give
them
to
you.
I
am
in
hopes
that
you
will
perform
what
I
have
already
desired
in
them;
to
write
to
M
r
Davis,
to
pay
me
the
money
deposited
in
his
hand,
and
if
not,
let
it
be
then
your
Pleasure.
l
et
me
tell
you
that
I
have
no
need
for
money
here;
but
you
will
all
repent
for
not
beleiving
your
Son;
so
much
is
sufficient
to
your
understanding,
if
you
read
this
Letter
with
Care
and
Wisdom.
But
if
you
please
to
be
friends
with
me,
it
is
Debt
upon
you
to
do
thus;
first,
to
write
to
M
r
Davis,
to
pay
me
the
5
hundred
Rupees;
secondly,
a
Letter
with
great
Thanks
and
with
presents
to
this
my
Protector
Nobleman,
of
whose
name
I
shall
mention
in
this
Letter;
The
presents
that
you
are
to
send
are
as
folows:
3
Pieces
of
the
finest
Pulam
of
Radnagar;
2
Peices
of
the
finest
Mulmul
that
ever
had
been
brought
our
to
this
Land;
2
Pieces
of
Madras
red
Handkerchiefs;
and
2
Peices
of
Cusombzar
silk
hanker:
2
pieces
of
Douria;
be
ornomented
if
possible
with
Golden
Thread
at
Daca;
that
they
may
so
fine
&
worthy
of
the
Possession
of
this
great
Noblemans,
Lady;
her
great
Spirit
and
generosity
is
higher
than
Language
&
who
herself
stooped
down
to
take
notice
of
me.
This
Nobleman
is
so
great
here
as
Maiar
kan
was
in
Persia;
the
things
the
more
fine
They
are
so
much
honour
will
they
be
first
to
you
all;
then
to
your
Son.
My
Father,
and
my
Sheperds
Mirzabec
and
David
be
not
afraid,
I
shall
make
return
a
Thousand
to
your
once.
My
Fathers
now
you
will
think,
that
I
dont
want
to
come
to
you;
dont
you
think,
that
I
long
for
you?
for
my
Longing
is
measureless;
and
it
is
so
great,
that
I
cannot
explain
it.
Your
Love
is
as
hot
in
my
Heart
as
fire;
and
for
the
sake
of
that
Love,
I
have
first
made
myself
a
mariner,
and
cleaned
hogstye
for
almost
six
months;
secondly,
when
I
arrived
here,
I
did
serve
to
Stepan
like
a
Captive.
3
after
turning
me
out
of
his
house,
three
Weeks
I
lived
upon
three
half
pens
a
Day.
4
I
went
to
sell
myself;
but
providence
sent
to
me
the
son
of
my
School
Master
who
delivered
me
from
being
receptive.
5
I
have
lost
one
years
Service;
6
I
was
a
Load
carrier
or
porter
for
two
years;
and
paid
17
Pounds
out
of
that
Labourious
and
slavish
Employment,
to
Stepan;
which
had
he
spent
for
me
while
I
was
with
him;
and
at
last
from
portership
did
arrive
myself
to
Clerkship.
there
I
have
wrote
about
three
Months,
and
absented
from
thence,
I
was
again
droven
into
my
old
distresses;
without
Money,
without
Friend,
or
any
Body
but
Lord
in
heaven;
untill
one
day
this
great
man
whom
I
have
mentioned
in
this
Letter,
who
had
heard
of
my
Character,
sent
me
his
Servant,
and
I
was
admited
to
him;
and
when
I
was
come
into
his
presence;
after
knowing
my
Councell,
and
the
Love
which
is
for
you
and
for
my
Nation,
he
was
surprized,
and
was
saying
to
me,
O
Ameen!
it
is
very
hard
to
live
in
this
Country
without
Friend
&
without
Money
(almost
4
years)
therefore
the
Lord
is
with
you;
be
contented,
I
will
from
this
time
provide
and
furnish
you
with
all
necessaries,
and
said
he
I
will
mediate
to
the
son
of
our
King,
and
after
you
have
learned
the
Art
of
War,
I
will
send
you
unto
your
Father,
and
Uncles:
the
Noble
Lady
comforted
me
likewise;
do
not
despair;
be
glad,
O
Zealous
for
thy
Country,
Ameen!
be
not
afraid,
then
My
Fathers
almighty
and
sa
vast
God
it
is,
that
hath
put
in
my
Heart
to
depart
from
you,
and
come
here
that
I
might
be
be
able
to
serve
my
Country:
therefore
pray
to
God
for
me
with
a
long
mind,
with
trust
&
patience.
The
name
of
this
Nobleman
is
the
Earl
of
Northumberld
This
is
a
Lord
of
a
great
Word
with
the
King
of
this
Land;
Great
men
and
Nobles
all
that
know
him
love
him;
now
it
is
2
Weeks
since
he
know
me,
I
dine
at
his
Palace,
he
has
given
me
good
deal
of
money,
and
Books,
his
Goodness
and
friendship
is
measureless;
many
times
I
dined
with
great
men
here
through
his
Friendship
it
is
to
him
that
I
am
indebted
for
great
strength
&
comfort
I
receive
from
a
Nobleman
called
S
r
Charless
Stanhope
who
is
Father
to
me,
He
has
made
me
known
likewise
to
another
Nobleman
called
my
Lord
Cathcart,
who
is
a
soldier
and
gave
me
much
Encouragement.
Once
more
be
glad,
as
to
what
I
have
wrote
to
you
performe
it.
The
Loss
of
seven
Years
I
shall
repair
in
one
Month.
God
Almighty
will
deliver
us
from
all
Difficulties,
by
ye
in
Health.
Emins
father,
in
his
next
letter,
after
many
patriarchal
blessings,
says,
"My
dear
son,
Governor
Drake
read
all
your
four
letters
before
the
Armenians,
wished
me
joy
of
your
success,
and
made
me
forget
all
my
anxiety;
especially
since
the
Armenians,
who
have
reflected
six
years
upon
me
there,
are
all
surprized,
and
cannot
help
saying,
Gods
providence
has
been
with
your
son.
You
may
see
their
weakness,
by
their
own
answer;
they
testify
you
to
be
the
real
offspring
of
the
ancient
kings
of
Armenia,
because
you
are
successful;
but
if
otherwise,
they
would
have
said,
Who
is
he?
or
what
is
he?
This
is
the
way
of
all
the
Asiatics;
who
have
ever
shewn
themselves
friends
to
one
in
prosperity,
and
bitter
enemies
to
those
in
adversity.
A
little
while
ago
I
could
not
show
myself
among
them;
now
they
pay
me
homage,
as
if
you
were
a
king,
and
myself
a
kings
father.
In
short,
you
did
very
right,
not
to
return
in
the
condition
you
went
from
this
place;
therefore
go
on
and
prosper
in
all
your
undertakings:
remember,
gratefully,
that
you
are
protected
by
the
English;
and
I
pray
God,
that
their
sovereignty
and
liberty
may
be
protected
as
long
as
the
world
stands
by
the
great
Maker
of
it.
The
wicked
Suja
ul
Dowlah
came
with
a
vast
army,
destroyed
almost
400
innocent
English
gentlemen
in
one
night
in
the
Black
Hole.
Calcutta
was
overset
by
him:
for
my
share,
I
have
lost
16,
000
rupees,
and
all
the
Armenians
in
proportion;
we
are
all
become
as
poor
as
you
were
when
you
went
from
this
place.
I
have
written
to
Mr.
Davis,
to
pay
you
the
500
rupees
deposited
in
his
hands.
The
glorious
English
army
came
with
the
fleet;
re-took
Calcutta,
destroyed
Chandernagore,
and
drove
the
Musulman
army
to
the
bosom
of
their
prophet
Mahomed;
and
I
am
in
hopes
that
the
whole
kingdom,
in
a
dozen
years
time,
will
be
subdued
under
the
blessed
mild
government
of
the
English;
which
you
used
to
prophecy,
when
you
were
here.
Walk
in
the
way
of
God,
and
be
happy,
without
fear;
put
your
trust
in
Him:
who
knows
but
He
may
one
day
or
other
set
your
countrymen
free
from
the
slavery
of
the
unmerciful
Mahomedans.
By
Mr.
Drakes
express
order,
your
letter,
through
the
Armenians,
was
sent
to
Basra
to
Mr.
Shaw,
the
English
palioz;
who,
you
may
be
assured,
will
take
great
care
to
send
it
to
prince
Heraclius
at
Tefliz:
but
I
would
not
have
you
depend
much
upon
him;
by
all
accounts
he
is
not
inclined
to
reward
a
man
of
merit.
Yet
you
have
acted
wisely
in
one
great
point;
that
the
mountaineers,
with
all
the
rest
of
Armenia,
will
be
informed,
that
you
are
in
agitation
to
carry
on
an
honest
design.
I
make
no
doubt,
it
will
be
admired
by
them
all,
in
the
highest
degree,
provided
the
holy
fathers
of
the
most
sacred
church
will
not
interfere;
who,
treading
in
the
steps
of
ancient
patriarchs,
soften
the
minds
of
men
into
meekness,
with
a
religious
intention;
preaching
the
doctrine
of
the
Holy
Gospel
to
them,
but
knocking
martial
spirit
on
the
head;
not
looking
far,
like
the
brave
Europeans;
nor
considering,
that
the
bare-footed
Arab
will
come,
sword
in
hand,
to
take
possession
of
them
all.
In
our
times,
the
Mahomedans
are
worse,
and
relaxed
with
effeminacy.
"The
holy
fathers
may
probably
concur
with
you,
because
your
good
intention
is
to
free
the
Church
first;
but
upon
condition
that
you
have
a
large
sum
of
money,
of
which
they
seem
to
be
more
fond
than
the
laymen;
otherwise
I
am
apt
to
imagine
all
your
pains
will
prove
in
vain.
There
is
one
thing
yet
in
your
favour,
that
you
have
done
your
best
to
serve
them;
you
will
then
rest
satisfied
with
having
raised
the
dead
name
of
our
family,
which
has
been
buried
many
years
last
past
in
the
dust
of
obscurity.
I
pray
God
to
bless
and
prosper
thee.
I
remain,
my
dear
son
Emin,
yours,
"
&c.
&c.
The
following
is
a
translation
from
the
Armenian
of
the
authors
letter
to
Prince
Heraclius,
word
for
word,
in
the
Asiatic
style:
To
the
most
splendid,
most
Christian
King
Heraclius
of
Georgia
and
Armenia.
My
King,
All
things
that
have
been
made
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
to
this
day,
are
by
the
will
of
God,
according
to
the
Testament.
All
things
were
made
by
him,
and
without
him
was
not
any
thing
made
that
was
made:
God
created
the
heaven
and
the
earth,
the
sea
and
the
land;
and
it
is
he
that
made
you
king
over
two
nations
Armenians
and
Georgians.
Glory
be
to
God
the
Father
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ,
that
made
you
defender
and
protector
of
those
christian
nations,
and
of
their
faith;
who
have
been
many
hundred
years
under
the
hands
of
Persian
unbelievers,
and
are
now
delivered
by
the
mighty
hands
of
your
Majesty.
The
same
God
will
also,
I
hope,
deliver
those
Christians
who
are
under
the
hands
of
Othmans,
for
there
is
no
resisting
the
almighty
hand
of
God;
and
whosoever
trust
in
him
shall
not
be
ashamed.
It
was
he
that
delivered
Israel,
by
the
hand
of
the
prophet
Moses,
out
of
the
hands
of
Pharaoh;
and
fed
them
with
manna,
according
to
the
holy
text,
which
saith,
men
did
eat
the
bread
of
angels.
May
the
same
God
preserve
and
strengthen
the
wrist
of
your
Majesty,
to
defend
us
from
the
encroachment
of
barbarians.
Amen.
Again,
having
heard
the
same
of
your
Majestys
glorious
conquest,
by
which
you
have
possessed
the
two
ancient
kingdoms
of
Armenia
and
Georgia,
and
that
they
are
at
present
under
your
Majestys
protection;
being
desirous,
from
my
soul,
to
offer
your
Majesty
my
service,
I
hope
you
will
make
no
difficulty
to
accept
it;
as
money
is
far
from
the
desire
of
your
Majestys
servant,
who
wishes
nothing
but
to
serve
him
who
has
the
rule
over
his
nation
for
which
I
am
here,
I
want
nothing.
I
have
a
great
friend
here,
and
that
great
friend
is
my
protector;
and
that
protector
is
the
son
of
the
king
of
England.
If
it
please
your
Majesty
to
instruct
me
of
your
will
and
pleasure,
that
I
may
petition
this
great
prince,
in
order
to
obtain
leave
to
come
and
serve
you
as
an
European
officer,
according
to
my
low
abilities,
that
I
may
teach
your
soldiers
to
fight
like
Europeans,
who
are
very
well
known
to
your
Majesty,
who
with
a
few
overcome
many.
Your
Majesty
has
heard
of
the
German
nation,
who,
with
no
more
than
twenty
thousand
men,
are
able
to
give
battle
to
a
hundred
thousand
Mahomedans
or
Turks,
who
are
enemies
to
the
Christian
nations.
I
would
also
acquaint
your
Majesty
how
it
is,
or
by
what
means,
that
the
European
nations
are
such
conquerors,
and
so
brave
warriors.
It
is
a
rule
among
them,
that
whoever
is
desirous
to
become
a
warrior,
first
is
obliged
to
enter
the
house
of
exercise
which
they
call
here
an
academy,
to
learn
or
to
study,
four
or
five
years,
the
art
of
war;
that
is
to
say,
to
learn
the
art
of
building
strong
castles,
the
like
of
which
are
not
to
be
found
in
all
Asia;
and
also,
the
art
of
managing
great
guns,
in
such
a
manner
that
none
of
our
fortifications
can
stand
before
them
for
three
days;
likewise
the
manner
of
incamping
with
judgment,
and
the
way
of
ranging
the
soldiers,
so
that
they
are
like
a
wall
of
iron,
not
to
be
broken
and,
after
having
thoroughly
completed
his
study
in
that
art,
he
leaves
the
place,
going
and
offering
himself
and
his
service
to
his
prince,
or
king
and
country,
and
by
long
experience
perfects
himself
in
that
great
art.
For
the
art
of
war
here
is
not
to
be
understood
easily;
it
contains
many
things
difficult
to
be
known,
and
far
preferable
to
the
practice
of
Turks
or
Persians.
See,
O
mighty
King!
it
is
not
to
much
by
strength
of
arms
that
these
nations
are
called
conquerors,
as
by
wisdom
and
art.
Here
every
thing
is
by
art
and
wisdom,
for
without
wisdom
a
nation
is
not
a
nation;
and
those
who
compose
it
are
blind
and
unhappy,
according
to
the
Old
Testament,
which
saith,
God
made
the
heaven
and
the
earth
by
his
infinite
wisdom.
I
say,
whosoever
follows
wisdom,
he
is
beloved
by
God,
since
from
Wisdom
proceeds
all
manner
of
goodness:
also
a
man
is
not
mighty
without
wisdom,
not
wise
without
righteousness.
The
antient
Romans,
who
were
so
great
before
our
Saviours
birth,
gave
laws
and
subdued
all
nations
of
the
world.
This
was
by
art
and
wisdom,
although
they
were
heathens
and
idolaters
but
they
were
virtuous,
and
lived
with
good
morals.
Another
example
is
the
late
glorious
Peter
the
Great
of
Russia;
who
would
not
have
been
so
great
a
warrior,
and
his
country
would
not
have
been
so
blessed
and
flourishing,
had
not
he
came
over
hither
to
learn
wisdom;
who,
when
he
was
in
Holland,
served
in
a
place
of
ship-building
like
one
of
the
labourers,
and
humbled
himself
therein
since
whoever
humbleth
himself
shall
be
exalted.
And
when
he
returned
into
his
own
country,
he
was
full
of
all
manner
of
wisdom,
by
which
he
made
himself
the
father,
as
well
as
lord
and
king
of
his
country.
These
are
the
things
which
have
made
the
people
of
Europe
conquerors,
and
esteemed
wiser
than
all
the
nations
upon
the
face
of
the
earth.
For
among
them
are
learned
men,
who
study
the
way
in
which
God
has
made
all
things
according
to
nature,
by
which
they
are
able
to
do
things
of
great
wonder
and
usefulness.
They
send
persons
likewise
into
every
part
of
the
world,
at
a
great
expence,
to
learn
all
things
that
are
produced
upon
or
under
the
earth,
by
which
they
are
increased
in
wisdom
and
rules.
Their
cities
are
very
great,
their
people
are
happy,
not
being
afraid
of
famine
and
dangers;
and
they
are
under
excellent
laws,
by
which
no
man
is
suffered
to
do
wrong
to
another,
though
he
may
be
weak
or
poor.
But
this
nation,
this
great
and
mighty
nation,
O
my
King!
where
I
live,
is
not
only
great
and
wise,
but
also
a
destroyer
of
the
devourers
of
mankind.
I
am
surprized
to
see,
that
even
the
sheep
in
this
in
country
rest
in
quiet,
without
the
least
fear
of
wolves.
May
the
great
God
grant
your
Majestys
subjects
to
follow
their
example,
to
grow
wish
and
conquer
under
the
wisdom
and
courage
of
your
Majesty,
to
whom
God
grant
long
life,
to
trample
your
enemies
like
dust
under
your
feet.
May
it
please
your
Majesty
to
know
who
your
servant
is,
that
raises
his
head
to
speak
to
you,
and
takes
pains
to
know
these
things,
with
much
labour
for
your
Majestys
service,
to
whom
God
grant
victory
-
The
name
of
your
servant
is
Emin
the
son
of
Joseph
the
son
of
Michael,
the
son
of
Gregory,
who
is
descended
from
Emin;
who,
in
the
day
when
Armenia
was
broken
under
the
battle-ax
of
Shah
Abbas,
was
minbashy
in
the
service
of
that
prince.
After
settling
his
family
in
the
city
of
Hamadan,
from
him
your
Majestys
servant
descended,
and
he
is
called
after
his
name,
being
born
at
Hamadan:
but
our
captivity
was
grievous
under
the
Persians,
who
since
Mahometanism,
as
it
is
well
known
to
your
Majesty,
are
grown
quite
barbarians,
not
being
so
civilised
so
they
were
in
ancient
times,
(according
to
the
histories
I
have
read
in
this
blessed
island,
)
so
that
my
father
flew
from
Hamadan
in
the
time
of
Shah
Thamaz
Khuli
Khan
into
India,
to
a
place
called
Calcutta,
where
the
English
have
a
fort
and
soldiers,
and
great
trade,
though
their
country
is
six
months
voyage
from
Bengal.
There
my
father
has
been
a
merchant
to
this
day,
and
would
have
me
follow
the
same
way
of
life;
but
I
did
not
submit
to
him;
for
I
inquired
of
my
father,
from
my
infancy,
the
reason
why
we
were
persecuted
by
infidels,
and
why
we
resided
so
contemptibly
among
lawless
nations.
They
were
afraid,
to
answer
me,
and
my
heart
was
grieved;
and
I
had
none
to
comfort
me
in
my
grief:
for
I
said,
the
ants
that
creep
upon
the
earth
have
a
king,
and
we
have
not;
and
the
nations
of
all
countries
deride
and
persecute
us,
saying,
you
are
masterless,
have
no
king
of
your
own,
and
resemble
the
Jews,
scattered
on
the
face
of
the
earth:
you
have
no
love
for
one
another;
you
are
without
honour,
and
by
the
disunion
of
your
nation,
all
nations
insult
you;
you
are
contemptible,
and
without
zeal;
and
you
are
as
great
lovers
of
money
as
the
heathens
were
of
their
gods.
I
could
not
bear
all
these
reflections.
Whilst
I
groaned,
but
found
none
to
heat
the
wounds
which
I
bore
on
my
heart,
I
observed
watchfully
the
Europeans
and
their
wise
customs;
their
shipping,
far
better,
both
for
sailing
and
for
war,
than
the
ships
of
the
Indians:
above
all,
the
practice
of
their
soldiers,
who,
if
they
were
thousands
of
men,
by
one
word
of
command
from
their
officer,
instantly,
all
together,
move
and
act
as
if
they
were
but
one
single
man.
Then
I
thought
within
myself,
that
it
was
God
that
had
put
in
my
heart
to
think
on
all
things;
therefore,
I
spoke
not
to
my
father,
but
was
in
hopes
in
my
heart,
that
if
I
went
to
England,
I
should
learn
the
art
of
war;
and
I
was
encouraged,
for
I
then
heard
a
little,
but
not
much,
of
your
Majestys
name,
until
I
came
hither,
where
I
learned
that
your
Majesty
was
established
in
your
kingdom,
and
had
routed
a
great
army
of
Persians.
See,
O
my
King!
what
a
great
thing
wisdom
is,
by
which
this
nation
knows
our
country
better
than
we
do;
and
this
nation
is
awake,
but
we
are
asleep.
On
board
the
ship
I
worked
like
a
sailor;
and
afterwards
when
I
came
hither,
I
was
so
reduced,
that
I
was
forced,
through
hunger,
to
offer
myself
to
sale
upon
the
Exchange,
to
be
sent
into
the
new
world.
O,
my
king!
do
not
pity
me,
even
at
the
time
when
you
hear,
or
see
me
sacrificed
in
your
service;
but
pity
those
servants
of
Christ
who
stand
in
need
of
pity.
But
the
omnipotent
God
saved
me,
by
the
hands
of
an
English
gentleman;
and
the
same
God,
who
heard
the
cryings
of
my
heart,
did
inspire
the
heart
of
a
generous
nobleman,
who
is
one
of
the
pillars
of
the
throne
of
England.
He
ordered
me
to
write
the
counsel
of
my
heart,
and
made
me
known
to
the
son
of
the
king
of
England,
who
sent
me
to
a
place
of
education,
where
I
have
learned,
according
to
my
ability,
something
of
the
art
of
war.
My
ambition
is,
to
lay
my
little
knowledge
at
the
feet
of
your
majesty,
and
to
serve
you
with
the
best
of
my
capacity;
for
know,
my
king,
that,
what
is
not
built
on
knowledge,
though
it
is
very
strong
and
lofty,
is
as
if
it
were
built
upon
sand.
Therefore,
my
purpose
is
to
go
well
instructed
into
your
Majestys
service;
and
to
carry
with
me,
men
skilful
in
all
things
(if
you
give
me
an
encouragement,
)
to
strengthen
and
polish
your
kingdom,
like
the
kingdoms
of
Europe;
for
you
have
a
good
country,
and
command
over
many
brave
men;
and
if
you
would
gather
together
the
Armenians,
a
rich
and
trading
people,
who
are
scattered
to
the
east
and
the
west,
to
the
north
and
to
the
south,
under
the
protection
of
your
majestys
arms
in
your
own
country,
no
kingdom
in
the
east
would
be
like
your
kingdom
for
riches
and
glory.
May
the
eternal
God,
the
Father
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ,
sharpen
your
scymitar
upon
all
your
enemies,
and
strengthen
the
wrist
of
your
Majestys
right
hand,
to
protect
our
distressed
nation,
according
to
the
wishes
and
labours
of
your
servant
Emin.
"
The
author
received
no
answer
to
this
letter,
though
he
was
assured
by
a
Georgian,
that
the
prince
had
his
letter
sent
him
by
Mr.
Shaw,
with
an
Armenian
from
Basra.
